Blood

What are the three blood functions?

Transportation, regulation, and protection

What does blood transport?

oxygen, nutrients, waste, and hormones

What does blood regulate?

temperature, pH balance, and osmotic pressure

How does blood protect?

immune response and clotting mechanisms

What is the viscosity of blood?

3-5

What is the pH of venous blood?

7.36

what is the pH of arterial blood?

7.4

What is the osmotic pressure of blood?

300 mOsm

What is blood composition?

45% cells and 55% plasma

What makes up the cells within blood?

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What is plasma made of?

92% water, 7% plasma proteins, and 1% other (electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, gases)

What composes plasma proteins?

60% albumins, 35% globulins, and 4% fibrinogen

What do albumins do?

trasnportation and regulate osmotic pressure

What do globulins do?

transportation (ions and lipids) and immune response

What does fibrinogen do?

blood clotting

What are the characteristics of RBCs?

no nucleaus, mitohondira or ribosomes, biconcave shape allows flexiblity to fit through 5mm capillaries, lifespane is 120 days, contain hemoglobins

What are hemoglobins?

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, and have a higher affinity for carbon monoxide

What are characteristics of WBCs?

have nucleus and mitochondira, move via ameoboid movement, granulocytes and agraulocytes

What makes up granulocytes?

60-70% neutrophils, 1-4% eosinophils and 0.25-0.5% basophils

What are neutrophils?

first responders, phagocytosis of bacteria

What are eosinophils?

allergic reactions, fight parasites

What are basophils?

release histamine and heparin (inflammatory response)

What makes up agranulocytes?

25-33% lymphocytes and 2-6% monocytes

What are lymphocytes?

T-cells, B-cells, NK cells (immune defense)

What are monocytes?

become macrophages, phagocytosis

What are characteristics of Platelets?

small, no nucleus, stored in spleen, lifespan of 15-45 days, regulated by thrombopoietin, used for blood clotting

What are the three types of blood disorders?

anemia, leukocyte disorders, and platelet disorders

What are the four types of anemia?

iron deficiency (lack of iron), pernicious (lack of B12), aplastic (bone marrow failure), sickle cell anemia (abnormal hemoglobin), thalassemia (defective hemoglobin production)

What are the two types of leukocyte disorders?

leukopenia (low WBC count and increased infection risk) and leukocytosis (high WBC count and respond to infection or disease)

What is the type of platelet disorder?

thrombocytopenia - low platelet count and increased bleeding risk

What is erythropoiesis?

the process of red blood cell formation in the bone marrow

What is thrombopoiesis?

formation of platelets, regulated by thrombopoietin (produced in liver)