the sauce

The specific crime that President Johnson was impeached over was:

violating the Tenure of Office Act.

The main economic opportunities that drew people to the American West in such large numbers included:

mining, ranching, and farming.

Congress funded the transcontinental railroad by:

giving land to the railroad companies

Andrew Carnegie was known for his:

building of a steel empire.

The terrorist organization known as the Ku Klux Klan used violence to:

keep blacks and white Republicans from voting.

U.S. Grant's presidential administrations could be characterized as:

full of corruption.

The idea of Social Darwinism was used to:

justify great concentrations of wealth.

The principle wherein products are produced on a large scale and prices drop as result is known as:

economies of scale.

The American frontier was essentially settled, at least according to the superintendent of the census, by:

1890

The permanent labor system that replaced slavery in the South after the Civil War was called:

sharecropping

The main reason that agricultural surpluses were so important in the industrialization of America was:

they helped bring in foreign capital.

The Supreme Court case known as Plessy v. Ferguson:

made segregation legal

During Reconstruction the Black Codes were:

southern state laws that severely restricted the rights of freedmen.

The basic purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to:

assimilate the Indian into white culture

The Industrial Revolution had all of the following consequences during the period up to 1890 EXCEPT:

real wages for workers declined

An important consequence of the Haymarket Square bombing of 1886 was that:

workers abandoned the Knights of labor for the American Federation of Labor.

In order to disenfranchise African-Americans, Southerners used a number of tools including:

poll tax

During the latter years of the 19th and early years of the 20th centuries, the immigration stream into the U.S.

came mostly from southern and eastern Europe.

The inventions, discussed in class, that allowed the city to grow in size included:

trolley, bridges, and steel.

The political machine used _____________ as its power base.

immigrant votes.

The man known for uniting the Populist and Democratic parties was:

William J. Bryan

The Pendleton Act was intended to:

reduce crooked or immoral behavior among politicians.

In regard to the protective tariff:

farmers were against it because it hurt their income.

William Jenning Bryan's famous Cross of Gold speech was about:

farmers needing inflation.

The income tax was sold to the American people on the basis that:

that it would only apply to the rich.

Dollar diplomacy was first instituted by:

Taft.

The canal that ultimately became the Panama canal was first begun by the:

French.

In the book Our Country, the author mixed the themes of:

anglo-saxonism and the missionary impulse.

According to the Roosevelt Corollary:

the U.S. could intervene in Latin America.

The Platt Amendment meant that:

the U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs.

Alfred Thayer Mahan put forward his ideas on naval expansion in a book called:

The Influence of Sea power Upon History

The importance of the Venezuela Boundary dispute was that:

it showed that the U.S. could back down the British.

The importance of the Spanish-American War was that it:

showed that the U.S. was a major power.

In general, you could say that John Hay's Open Door policy began as a(n):

bluff.

The Triangle shirtwaist factory fire led very quickly to:

new inspection laws

The reason progressives were so enamored with the idea of a city manager was:

they liked experts.

The Federal Reserve Bank exerted control over the economy by:

controlling the amount of money in circulation.

One of the main European problems that led to the First World War was:

the tangled alliance system.

The Bolshevik Revolution was important in World War I because:

the Russians left the war, leaving the Germans with only one front to fight against.

The Versailles peace treaty:

was never ratified by the U.S.

In World War I, the bureaucratic agency that was charged with organizing the U.S. war effort was called:

the War Industries Board.

In World War I, the final straw in the series of events that led to war between the U.S. and Central Powers was:

the Zimmerman Telegram.

In the election of 1916, President Wilson won reelection, in part, because:

he promised to keep the U.S. out of the European War.

By the turn of the century, the great European powers were allied into two camps that included:

Russia, France and Britain vs. Austria-Hungary and Germany.

President Wilson believed that for his mediation efforts to have a chance of success the belligerents would have:

to accept a peace without victory.

"What America needs is not nostrums but normalcy . . .," is a quote from:

Warren Harding

Calvin Coolidge's presidency is especially well known for:

his strong pro-business attitude

One reason why the middle class grew considerably during the 1920s was:

real wages increased

A major aspect of the 1920s Ku Klux Klan was its:

anti-Catholicism.

Marcus Garvey believed in and worked for:

black nationalism.

Henry Ford's most important idea was that:

the average person should have a car.

Buying on margin played a role in the stock market crash because:

it helped to artificially drive up stock prices

One reason that Herbert Hoover got so much of the blame for the Depression was:

he promised an end to poverty

The Bonus Army was composed of:

World War I veterans.

The analogy, discussed in class, which best describes the importance of money to an economy is:

money is to an economy as oil is to an engine.

In general, wages during the Depression years were:

declining due to deflation

In terms of his activism, Hoover was:

the most activist president the US had yet seen

The Depression was finally ended by:

World War II

The major flaw in the social security system introduced in 1935 was:

early recipients paid little or nothing into the system

It would be safe to say that Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal:

created a mixed economy.

The Republicans managed to finally put an end to any more New Deal legislation by:

uniting with Southern Democrats.

The broker state refers to the Federal government's responsibilities to:

mediate between management and labor.

The best motto for FDR's New Deal would be:

Action and action now.

The one major advantage that FDR had over Hoover was:

his charisma

The Civilian Conservation Corps was an agency which best exemplified:

relief

The name of the legislation, which allowed unions to grow at a remarkable rate in the 1930s and 1940s, was:

the National Labor Relations Act

The Second New Deal was dominated by:

reform efforts.

The man who wanted to take from the rich and guarantee high income levels for all Americans was:

Huey Long

The reason Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was:

he wanted to end the war quickly.

The Neutrality Acts were intended to:

keep the U.S. out of war.

The Battle of Midway was important because it:

forced the Japanese on the defensive in the Pacific.

The soft underbelly of Europe refers to:

Italy.

A critical part of the island hopping campaign was:

controlling the air and sea.

The correct order of Hitler's aggression in the 1930s was:

Czechoslovakia, Poland, France.

A crucial weakness in the German Weimar Republic was:

it divided into too many political parties.

The organization formed to defend western Europe against Soviet aggression was:

NATO.

The policy of containment was developed by ____________ in his so-called "long telegram."

George Kennen.

Dulles was the Secretary of State who created the policy of:

brinksmanship.

the Suez Crisis, the U.S. came down on the side of:

Egypt.

The President most responsible for enmeshing the U.S. in the fighting in Vietnam was:

Johnson.

The Tet Offensive was important because:

it made Americans doubt whether the war was winnable.

The Vietnam War was fought because:

the U.S. was determined to stop the spread of communism.

The reason why allowing Soviet missiles in Cuba was unacceptable was:

they destroyed the MAD doctrine.

President Johnson used the __________________ as an authorization to fight the war in Vietnam.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

The turning point in the election of 1960 was the:

televised debates.

The city where police viciously attacked civil rights marchers with police dogs and fire hoses was:

Birmingham.

In the election of 1976:

Carter barely managed to defeat Ford.

Under President Carter the economy:

was the worst since the Great Depression.

One important result of President Reagan's arms build-up was:

the Cold War ended sooner.

Supply-side economics:

revived the economy and ended stagflation.

The woman who wrote The Feminine Mystique and began the modern feminist movement was:

Betty Friedan

The Plumbers was a term used to describe:

Nixon's domestic espionage unit.

The series of shocks that rocked the nation in 1968 included all of the following EXCEPT:

the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

The feminist movement ran into trouble during the 1970s when:

radical gender feminists took over the movement.

Because he appointed four members to the Supreme Court Richard Nixon was able to:

influence the court away from its extremely liberal position.

The U.S. economy was booming in the 1950s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

European competition.

In the election of 1948:

Truman won in a comeback.

Brown v Board of Education ultimately led to a crisis in:

Little Rock.

developing the consumer culture of the 1950s, probably the single most important product was:

the television.

The most dramatic effect that the GI Bill had on American society was:

college degree became the accepted norm in education.