topic 5 photosynthesis + respiration

photosynthesis equaiton

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

where does cellular respiration occur?

the mitochondria

where does photosynthesis occur?

the chloroplast

in what organisms does photosynthesis occur?

plants, algae, and cyanobacteria (invented PS 3.2 bya)

what fuels photosynthesis?

light

what happens to the glucose produced in photosynthesis?

50% is respired and makes ATP, 50% is used to make more cell stuff

what fuels cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen (it extracts energy from carbs)

what are the two main steps of photosynthesis?

1. light reaction in the thylakoids

2. dark reaction/calvin cycle in the stroma

steps of light reaction

1. light strikes photo system II which excites 2 e-

2. e- are transported along the electron transport chain/ETC

3. an enzyme splits a water molecule into H+ and oxygen

4. light strikes PSI and 2 e- go onto NADP+ along with an H+, creating an NADPH

5. ATP is made using the protons from water

steps of dark reaction/calvin cycle

1. 6 CO2 from the atmosphere and the ATP + NADPH from before create glucose

steps of cellular respiration

1. glycolysis (cytoplasm)

   1. 6 glucose make 2 ATP per glucose

   2. no carbon is released bc its locked in pyruvate

2. oxidation of pyruvate (matrix)

   1. pyruvate diffuses into the matrix

   2. no O2

   3. no ATP produced

   4. 2 NADH and 2 C are released

3. krebs cycle/citric acide cycle (matrix)

   1. acetyol CoA goes in and gets stripped away

   2. produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH

   3. 4 C leave as CO2

   4. all glucose is gone

   5. no O2

4. ETC & ATP synthesis (inner membrane)

   1. electrons on NADH and FADH go down the ETC and pump proteins into the matrix

   2. produces O and 34 ATP

   3. no C is released

dead zone

area of hypoxic water which does not support any life

eutrophication

when there is too much nitrogen and phosphorous in the water from erosion and runoff

algal blooms

when algae gets a lot of sun, nitrogen and phosphorous, and CO2 + H2O, causing it to bloom near the surface

herbivary and decomposition

zooplankton feed on algae, so then both of them die and decompose

hypoxia

when there is not enough oxygen in the water causing mussels, clams, and sponges to die and shrimp die or leave

what afctors affect dead zone formation and size?

1. precipitation/runoff

2. summer temps/light avaliability

3. farming/land development

what has been on the rise since the 1880s?

CO2 and global temp

why are CO2 levels increasing?

fossil fuel combustion and land development