Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom

What are the three fundamental components of the atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

What charges are associated with protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Protons=Positive, Neutrons=Neutral, Electrons=Negative

Where are the components of an atom found?

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus, while the electrons orbit around it

If an atom has _____ number of protons and electrons, it would have no ___ ______ making it electrically neutral.

equal, net charge

If an atom has an overall positive charge it is called a ________ ___

positive ion

If an atom has an overall negative charge it is called a ________ ___

negative ion

_______ ______ is a strong nuclear force that holds the nucleus together as well as the electrons in their orbit

Binding energy

What does the atomic number represent?

The number of protons it contains in its nucleus

What does the atomic mass represent?

The number of protons and neutrons it has in its nucleus

An _______ represents an element with the same number of protons but different number of _______, which would affect the ______ ____.

Isotope, neutrons, atomic mass

Changing the number of protons changes the....

atomic number

Changing the number of neutrons changes the ______ ____ and it is then called an _______

atomic mass, isotope

Changing the number of electrons produces an ____, either positive or negative

ion

When two or more atoms join together chemically it forms a ________

molecule

The two primary ways that atoms bond to form molecules are a _____ bond or a ________ bond

ionic, covalent

Ionic bonds

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Covalent bonds

Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.

Polyenergetic

consisting of a spectrum of different energies

Electron shells

An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.

Hydrogen

H 1

Iron

Fe 26

Nickel

Ni 28

Copper

Cu 29

Calcium

Ca 20

Carbon

C 6

Nitrogen

N 7

Oxygen

O 8

Molybdenum

Mo 42

Rhodium

Rh 45

Silver

Ag 47

Tin

Sn 50

Iodine

I 53

Barium

Ba 56

Tungstun

W 74

Rhenium

Re 75

Gold

Au 79

Lead

Pb 82

Thorium

Th 90

Mendelevium

Md 101

Columns on a periodic table have the same number of...

Valence electrons

Rows (periods) of the periodic table

Have the same number of orbital shells

Periodic table invented by...

Dimitri Mendeleev, 1869

Formula to tell maximum number of electrons a specific shell can hold?

2(n)^2, n being the shell's number

Principle quantum number indicates _____?

The amount of energy an electron has

Describe the Tungsten Target

Six shells, labeled K-P.

From in to outer, the number of electrons goes from 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, then 2

Diagnostic range

30-150 kVp

kVp

kilovoltage peak