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What change did the Restoration bring to the monarchy in England?
It established a constitutional monarchy where the king was subservient to the law and Parliament.
Who was invited to return and ascend the throne during the Restoration?
Charles II, the son of Charles I.
What were the two political parties that emerged from the Civil War?
The Cavaliers became the Tory party, while the Roundheads became the Whig party.
What social change did Charles II promote during his reign?
He revived traditions banned by Cromwell and reopened theatres, including the introduction of female actors.
Who was the first female actress in England?
Nell Gwyn.
What scientific institution did Charles II promote?
The Royal Society.
Who was the president of the Royal Society during the Restoration?
Sir Isaac Newton.
What devastating events hit London in 1665 and 1666?
The Plague in 1665 and the Great Fire of London in 1666.
Who was the chief architect responsible for rebuilding after the Great Fire of London?
Sir Christopher Wren.
What was the significance of the new center of London after its rebuilding?
It shifted from St. Paul's Cathedral to the Stock Exchange, reflecting materialism and a move away from religion.
What was the main issue of succession after Charles II's death?
Charles II had no male heir and his brother James II was Catholic, causing fear of a return to Catholicism.
What event was referred to as the Glorious Revolution?
James II's attempt to empower Catholics led to his overthrow and the invitation of William of Orange to the throne.
What was established by the Bill of Rights in 1689?
No king or queen could impose taxes, make or suspend laws, or raise an army without Parliament's permission.
What was the Act of Succession of 1701?
It stipulated that no Catholic could ever sit on the throne of England.
What did the Glorious Revolution signify for the future of England?
A shift towards democracy, political stability, and the end of religious conflict.
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