Cellular regulation intro & Bone marrow aspiration

cellular regulation

the coordinated function of thousands of control systems in the body to maintain homeostasis. In clinical practice, this concept is primarily applied to:

Oxygen Transport (RBCs/Anemia).

Blood Clotting (Platelets/Bleeding Disorders).

Inflammation/Immunity (WBCs/Infection)

rbc

4-6 million/mm³

High: Polycythemia (often due to low oxygen states).

Low: Anemia (general).

hemoglobin (hgb)

F: 12-16 g/dl; M: 13-18 g/dl

Low: Anemia, blood loss, decreased production, bone marrow suppression.

hematocrit (hct)

F: 38%-47%; M: 40%-54%

Low: Anemia (general).

wbc

4,000-10,000/mm³

High: Infection, inflammation, autoimmune disease, leukemia.

Low: Bone marrow suppression.

platelets

150,000-450,000/mm³

High: Thrombocytosis. excessive clotting

Low: Thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression. poor clotting

Bone Marrow Aspiration

An invasive procedure that collects a soft tissue specimen for examination of blood-cell production

Site: Most common is the posterior superior iliac crest

pre op bma

The patient is awake and the procedure is described as "very painful" and "achy".

(Peds): Plan ahead to use topical anesthetics to numb the area (5-10 minutes prior). Use age-dependent interventions like praise, rewards, or involving the child.

post op bma

Apply direct pressure to the puncture site for 5 to 10 minutes until bleeding stops.

Cover the site with a sterile dressing.

Do not remove the dressing for at least 24 hours.

Assess for pain and provide analgesia as ordered.

Report bleeding that completely soaks the dressing or continues for more than 24 hours.