Peace and Security in the World

What was Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A peace plan including self-determination, no secret treaties, disarmament, and a League of Nations.

What was the League of Nations?

An international organisation aimed at preventing future wars.

Why was the Treaty of Versailles controversial?

It blamed Germany, imposed harsh reparations, and redrew borders.

What happened to the Ottoman Empire?

It was divided by Allied powers; Turkey signed the Treaty of Sèvres, later replaced by Lausanne.

What were key failures of the peace treaties?

Failed to ensure lasting peace, led to discontent, and set conditions for future conflict.

What were the aims of the League of Nations?

To maintain peace, promote disarmament and resolve disputes.

Why did the League of Nations fail?

Lacked enforcement power, key nations like the USA were not members.

What was the Locarno Pact?

1925 agreements to normalise relations between Germany and Western Europe.

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

1928 international agreement to renounce war.

What was collective security?

League principle where members defend each other against aggression.

How did the Abyssinian Crisis affect the League?

Revealed its inability to act against aggressors like Italy.

What was the Stresa Front?

1935 agreement between Britain, France, and Italy to oppose German rearmament.

Why was the Treaty of Versailles controversial?

It humiliated Germany and contributed to future conflict.

What were mandates?

Former colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire governed by Allied powers.

What was the significance of the failure of peace treaties?

They created resentment, instability, and conditions for WWII.