States of Matter

Matter

Matter is anything that takes up space (i.e. has volume) and has a mass. Matter is also made up of tiny particles including atoms, molecules and ions.

3 states of matter

Solid, liquid, gas

Kinetic energy

The energy an object possesses during to its motion

What are the differences between the states (7)

What does the particulate nature of matter suggest?

That particles are in constant motion

What phenomena provide evidence to support the theory of the particulate nature of matter

Diffusion

Osmosis

Brownian motion

Diffusion

The movement of fluid (liquid or gas) particles from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until both concentrations reach equilibrium

Describe the experiment to test for diffusion

Dip a cotton ball into a basic substance (ammonia) and place it into a litmus tube with red litmus paper. The litmus will turn from red to blue as the gas moves from the area of high concentration, the cotton ball, to the area of low concentration, the rest of the tube

What is osmosis

The movement of water particles from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semipermeable membrane

What is Brownian motion

Brownian motion is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas) resulting from collisions with other fast-moving molecules of the fluid.

More solute, less solvent

Concentrated solution

Less solute, more solvent

Diluted solution

What determines the state a substance takes

Temperature and pressure

What is the effects of greater energy on a substance

The particles can break bonds and move about more vigorously

Show the interconversion of states

What’s the difference between boiling and evaporation

Boiling is a rapid change, while evaporation is a gradual change.

Draw a heating and cooling curve