Small Intestine and Pancreas

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the small intestine and pancreas from lecture notes.

Small Intestine

A primary site for chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.

Jejunum

The middle section of the small intestine primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.

Microvilli

Tiny projections on the surface of intestinal cells that increase surface area for absorption.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A hormone produced in the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

Secretin

A hormone that stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

An intestinal hormone that stimulates insulin release in response to glucose.

Pancreatic Juice

A clear, colorless liquid containing water, salts, and digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas.

Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.

Lipase

An enzyme that helps digest lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Lacteal

A lymphatic capillary in the villi of the small intestine that absorbs dietary lipids.

Micelles

Small aggregates of bile salts and lipids that facilitate the absorption of fat in the intestine.

Absorptive Cells

Cells in the small intestine that are specialized for nutrient absorption.

Goblet Cells

Cells that secrete mucus to lubricate and protect the intestinal lining.

Electrolytes

Ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride necessary for various bodily functions.