AP Human Unit 3B vocab

standard language

way a language is spoken and written

official language

language the gov uses to make laws, reports, etc.

dialect

regional variations on a language

isogloss

boundary line separating diff linguistic patterns

pidgin

simplified combo of 2 languages

creole

when the pidgin becomes the native language of a group

lingua franca

3rd language used by people who don’t otherwise understand each other

orthography

system of spelling and writing, including rules

order of language tree

family, group, branch

conquest theory

Indo-Euro speakers from Anatolia conquered surrounding isles, hierarchical

agriculture theory

agriculture started w Indo-Euro speakers and when agriculture spread, so did the language, contagious

toponym

name given to a place and how they got it