Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the nervous system and its functions as outlined in the lecture notes.

Sensation

The process of receiving information from the environment.

Integration

Combining sensory information with higher cognitive functions.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Comprises the brain and spinal cord, housed within the cranial and vertebral cavities.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Comprises nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Afferent Neurons

Sensory neurons that send information toward the CNS.

Efferent Neurons

Motor neurons that communicate with effectors to carry out responses.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Responsible for involuntary control and helps maintain homeostasis.

Neurons

Cells responsible for communication within the nervous system.

Glial Cells

Supportive cells in the nervous system that can multiply and divide.

Astrocytes

Glial cells in the CNS that regulate the extracellular environment and make up the blood-brain barrier.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS glial cells responsible for the myelination of axons.

Node of Ranvier

Gaps between Schwann cells that play a crucial role in the fast conduction of signals.

Resting Membrane Potential

The baseline membrane potential of a neuron, typically around -70 mV.

Action Potential

A rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a neuron is stimulated.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by neurons that relay messages to other cells.

Synapse

The junction where neurons communicate with each other.

Chemical Synapses

Synapses that use neurotransmitters to communicate between neurons.

Phasic Receptors

Receptors that adapt quickly to stimuli.

Tonic Receptors

Receptors that adapt slowly or not at all.