Chromosomes and Mitosis

What is the rod-shaped structure made of DNA and proteins?

Chromosomes

What are the proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosome called?

Histones

What is each half of a chromosome called?

Chromotid

What holds 2 chromotids together?

centromere

What is the less tightly coiled DNA and protein called before cell division?

chromotin

What is a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a dividing cell called?

karyotype

What are the X and Y chromosomes called?

reproductive chromosomes

What are all the other chromosomes, other than X and Y, called?

Autosomes

What have the same size, shape and carry genes for the same traits

homologous chromosomes

What term is used for cells having 2 sets (2n) of chromosomes?

Diploid

What term is used for cells having 1 set (1n) of chromosomes?

Haploid

Humans have 23 chromosomes in each gamete. What is their haploid number?

23

Humans have 23 chromosomes in each gamete. What is their diploid number?

46

Humans have 23 chromosomes in each gamete. How many chromosomes are in their body cells?

46

Hermit crabs have 254 chromosomes in each skin cell. What is their diploid number?

254

Hermit crabs have 254 chromosomes in each skin cell. How many chromosomes in each egg cell?

127

Hermit crabs have 254 chromosomes in each skin cell. What is the haploid number?

127

What is the reproduction method of unicellular organisms?

Mitosis

What is the set of events that makes up the life of a cell called?

cell cycle

What is defined as the division of the nucleus, resulting in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the orignal cell?

cell division

During which phrase do cells spend most of their time?

interphase

During which phase is DNA copied?

Binary fission

During which phase do the nerve cells exit the cell cycle?

interphase

During which phase does the DNA and proteins shorten and thicken/condense to form a chromosome shape?

prophase

During which phase does the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear?

prophase

During which phase do chromosomes moce to the center/middleof the cell?

Metaphase

During which phase do the chromosomes separate at the centromere and are pulled aprt towards the centrosome/poles?

Anaphase

What is the division of the cytoplasm called?

cytokinesis

What forms during cytokinesis in animals?

cleavage furrow

What forms during cytokinesis in plants?

cell plate