Genetics and Evolution Review

Flashcards to help review key concepts in genetics and evolution.

What happens to the two traits during incomplete dominance?

The two traits are blended.

What happens to the two traits during codominance?

Both traits come through.

What is an example of multiple alleles?

Blood types A, B, and O

What are sex linked traits?

Traits linked to gender that are found on sex chromosomes.

What two inheritance patterns does blood type fall under?

Multiple alleles and codominance because blood type AB is both fully A and fully B

What are the genotypes for each blood type (A, B, AB, O)?

A= AA, AO,

B= BB, BO,

AB=AB

O= OO

If Alice has type A blood, Mark has type B blood, their first child has type O blood, and their second has type AB blood, what are Alice and Mark's genotypes?

AO and BO

Why are sex linked traits more common in males than females?

Males only have two options, because they can't be carriers. they have a 50 50 chance

What are homologous structures?

Same structure, different function.

What are analogous structures?

Different structures, but same function.

What are vestigial structures?

Structures with no function to the organism.

What are the four principles of natural selection?

Variation= different animals/species

struggle= what they struggle with

adaptation= changes the aminals undergo/what the animals form to stay safer/thrive with more fitness

overtime= how the animals change

What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

A population that is not evolving.

What are the five conditions necessary for a population to stay at Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Random mating, no natural selection, no genetic drift, no gene flow, and no mutation.

What is sexual selection?

Females are picky and mate with males with the most desirable traits.

What is artificial selection?

Humans choose desirable traits that they want.

What does directional selection favor?

Favor one extreme.

What does stabilizing selection favor?

Favor middle phenotype/extreme.

What does disruptive selection favor?

Favor both extremes.

sex linked recessive- rare or common, which gender is more likely to be affected, genotype of affected individuals, genotypes of unaffected individuals

rare, male, XrXr/XrY, XRXR/XRY/XRXr

autosomal recessive- rare or common, which gender is more likely to be affected, genotype of affected individuals, genotypes of unaffected individuals

rare, equal, rr, RR Rr

autosomal dominant- rare or common, which gender is more likely to be affected, genotype of affected individuals, genotypes of unaffected individuals

common, equal, RR Rr, rr

how each of these 5 conditions is broken to cause a population to evolve

random mating- sexual selection/artificial selection

no natural selection- a certain extreme/adaptation is favored- disruptive, directional, stabilizing

no genetic drift- population shrinks from natural disasters or when population changes

no gene flow- migration

no mutation- when DNA randomly mutates