SFL 102 - exam 3

contract documents

consists of contracts, construction drawings, and specification requirements for a new construction or remodel project

contracts

legal documents outlining responsibilities of each party, scope of project, project timeline, and parties involved in agreement

specifications

written documents describing requirements for type and quality of materials, work-quality expectations, and conditions/details for executing work

proprietary specifications

indicates manufacturer’s products by name, model/part number, color, and finish - control over project installation, restricts bids

descriptive specifications

details about materials, finishes, fabrication methods, acceptable workmanship, and installation methods - set quality standard rather than manufacturer/trade name

performance specification

expected performance of custom components

construction documents

how and where to construct building, where to lay foundation, how to finish interior spaces, cabinet and built-in furniture installation, window/door type, exact materials required

title block

design-firm name and contact information with logo, name of client, professional seal, sheet title and number, job number, and completion date

lettering

consistent, manual drawings should have hand lettering and digital drawings should have computer fonts; straight, block lettering with square uppercase letters

continuous lines

indicates objects and major architectural elements

dashed lines

indicates objects hidden from view from birds eye view (beams, cabinets, etc); wheelchair turning radius, and ceiling height changes

dimension lines

indicates length, width and components of plan

• extension line, inside to inside corner, dimension line crosses extension with a tick (forward slash to right) at the start/finish of measurement, written in feet and inches

• can do overall + lower levels with breaks, windows, doors, etc with largest dimensions furthest out

border lines

boldest, outline elements that are cut through and closest to viewer (full-height wall lines)

object lines

medium-weight lines lie below plane of cut but above floor plane, outlines fixtures, built-ins, and furnishings

light lines

outline surface treatment of floors, recede into background

hidden lines

not visible in specific views, represented by dashed lines

AIA (american institute of architects) standard scales

residential drawing: ¼” = 1’-0”

commercial drawing: 1/8” = 1’0”

NKBA (national kitchen and bath association)

½” = 1’-0”

elevation drawings

flat, no dimension, shows vertical planes

vertical callouts

typically circles with ID# which indicates where elevation for that particular location can be found

ceiling plan

dashed lines show what may interfere with lighting but does not actually touch ceiling, solid lines touch ceiling

electrical/switching plan

key with symbols for various types of electrical outlets

public zones

inviting, social centers for activity

• entry, living room, great room, dining room, guest bathroom, family room, library, guest bathroom, outdoor living space

private zones

allocated to private letting - solitude and familiarity

child’s bedroom

SAFETY, small cozy spaces (can be as small as 10’0”-10’0”) that accommodate safety, sleeping, storing, studying, and recovering from illness

teen’s bedroom

PRIVACY; place to study, reflect on life, support organizational, academic, and decision-making skills

work zones

high functional areas with design related to tasks, location, and acoustics

• kitchen, laundry, mud/locker room, homework area, home office

kitchen

• most efficient layout: “U” shaped, large areas may have island workstation in middle

• least desirable layout: “L” shaped, less efficient but uninterrupted work triangle

kitchen work triangle

sink, cooktop/oven, refrigerator; 12-26 feet apart - 24 ft max

doors, stairways, and ramps

36 inches (min 3 ft)

hallway

3-4 feet, minimum of 44 inches and wheelchairs

kitchen circulation

rectangular table (seats 4-6): 2.5-5.5 ft

dining: 3 feet clearance around all chairs

range: 30 inches

refrigerator: 36 inches

dishwasher: 24 inches

countertop depth: 20-35 inches

codes

suggestion chosen by cities to ensure the safety of the public

egress

path to escape

bathroom

ventilation by window or fan

ceiling height and room size

• habitable rooms: no less than 7ft in horizontal or vertical direction; must be at least one habitable room that is at least 120 sq ft in every dwelling

• habitable rooms must be at least 70 sq ft

• rooms w sloped ceilings: at least 50% of floor of room must have ceiling of at least 7ft

• bathrooms & shower/tub: min height 6' 8", needs ventilation

carbon monoxide detector locations

better down low, installed outside each separate sleeping room

smoke detector locations

in and outside each sleeping room, one on each floor, interconnected

stair max variation

¾ inch

stair tread minimum depth

10 inches

stair riser max height

7 ¾ inch

most common wall material

gypsum board (drywall or wallboard)

paint

protects wall surfaces, many colors, can imitate other interior materials; always looks darker vertically than it does horizontally (ceilings even darker)

lead in paint

until 1978: paint may contain lead, US government instituted laws to eliminate lead-containing paint

paint components

solvent, latex/binder, pigments, additives

• additives: thickeners, mildew protection, faster/slower drying

primer

used for shiny surfaces and to cover stains

flat

rich, soft-looking appearance, less glare, washes poorly, medium-low durability, should be used in low traffic rooms

eggshell

medium durability, avoid bumps/scuffs, essentially flat and covers wall imperfections

satin

velvety, easy to clean, reveals application flaws, high durability

semi-gloss

midrange of sheen, good scrubbing durability, good for rooms with moisture, drips and grease stains (kitchen, bathroom, trim, etc)

high gloss

shiny surface, easy washability, shows wall surface imperfections

suede

textured, fabric-like finish creates suede effect

alligatoring

top coat of paint applied over undercoat that is not completely dry; rigid substance over more flexible; natural effect of aging and weather changes on oil paint

burnishing

use of flat paint, results in viewing of the color underneath; frequent washing and spot-cleaning, high traffic areas, minimal washability and scrub resistance, objects rubbing against paint

flashing

paint dries too quickly because of wind/indirect sunlight, paint over unprimed material

concrete

mixture of cement and mineral aggregates (such as gravel) with water

stamped: tiles with some form of texture/patterns

stained: monolithic, all poured at once and settled into one plane

cement

binder = substance that holds other materials together

nylon

manufactured fiber used in 90% of carpet; highly durable, large variety of color, soft, absorbs little liquid, stain resistant, easily recyclable

olefin

recyclable, manufactured fiber, lightweight, outdoor use, water resistant

wool

from sheep; flame and soil resistant, retains color, resilient

acrylic

manufactured but feels like wool; abrasion resistant, colorfastness, not as resilient as nylon

polyester

manufactured fiber, resistant to water-soluble stains, good fade resistance, luxurious feel

carpet piles

surface face yarns that form loops during tufting/weaving - should be ½ inch or less for ADA

vinyl

flexible and provides impact absorption, highly resistant but is semi-porous and has poor noise absorption, 100% synthetic

VCT

binder, limestone filler, finished with sealer and wax, 12” x 12”; cheap, needs perfect subfloor; vinyl, usually used in commercial/institutional settings

sheet vinyl

inlaid sheet flooring with patterns, cheap, water resistant

luxury vinyl

textures, can snap together, water-resistant

linoleum

1860, durable; resistant to acid, grease, oil, solvents and cigarettes; primarily natural material, gets harder over time, sensitive to light, no distinct pattern

rubber

many sides, good traction

terrazzo

chips of marble, quartz, granite, glass, etc; bound using cement or chemical (epoxy resin), polished to smooth surface, sealed and waxed

cork

renewable, recyclable, biodegradable, resilient, impermeable, and provides thermal and acoustic insulation, hypoallergenic and antimicrobial; can be faced over time, dented, punctured, and scratched, recommended to not get wet

bamboo

used as a substitute for hardwood flooring, may contain urea formaldehyde and should be certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

laminate

wear layer, decorative layer, fibercore layer - wood byproduct, backboard layer

• snaps together, may be glued, leave small gap for expansion, installed over padding

• not waterproof, restricted to low trafficked areas

marble

minerals from impurities give variety of colors and patterns; elegant and durable, useful in high traffic areas, stain resistant, easy to polish scratches, cool to the touch, heavy weight, can be slippery, good thermal mass, non-toxic, long lasting; cracks from surface being pressurized and filled with minerals

limestone

less pressurized than marble, soft stone, warm stone, good traction

slate

extreme variation in color and quantity, low maintenance, slip and stain resistant, antibacterial, chemical free, and nonabsorbent

flagstone

peels out of ground: slate, sandstone, etc

sandstone

peeled from quarry or cut into shapes

travertine

durable yet fairly soft and prone to chipping and scratching, heat resistant, slippery, can be weathered or polished, has bubbles and gaps that vary in size that are later filled with mortar, easy to stain; form of limestone that is not recommended for floor use

granite

resists blistering, scratching, cracking, staining, weather, chemicals, and scorching as long as it’s not wet; may be polished, honed or flamed; speckled pattern

plate glass

pulling sheets through rollers, then grinding and polishing of surface

float glass

95% of glass in architecture, molten glass floated over molten tin

crown glass

sheets made from blowing a bubble and pressing outwards, distorted

strengthening glass

tempering - suddenly cooled to create tension between outside and tempered glass, 3-5 times more resistant to impact and applied pressure, breaks into cubes

• must be sized before made, only untempered glass can be cut to size

liquid crystal

can turn glass on and off (can see through or is opaque)

window coverings

privacy, security, sound absorption, safety, glare control, comfort, energy conservation, aesthetics

roller shade

not adjustable, difficult to move

roman shade

shades unfold from top down

horizontal blinds

blade/vein repeated that allows for control over natural light and gaze

plantation: custom sizing, wood

venetian blinds: can be cut to be custom, metal/plastic

curtains

panels of unlined lightweight fabric of varying length, gathered or shirred

draperies

long panels of heavier pleated fabric that hang straight to frame a window, typically line to protect decorative fabric and to provide insulation, light control and privacy; stiffened constructed heading requiring traversing rod and carriers

cornice

wood, fabric covered wood or resin; decorative structure mounted above window (assume hard)

jabots

fabrics with pleats, gathers, or folds that descend vertically along side of window, often cut at an angle

swags

half round in shape, fabric draped over top of window and may be inserted between jabots

valances

shorter pieces of fabric that cover uppermost part of window, may stand alone or with other treatments (assume soft)

textiles

flexible, woven, knitted

memo sample

details of textile sample; pattern, pattern name, colorway, width (typically 54 inches wide), collection, repeat (length and width repeat, how often pattern is repeated)

regular

top of pattern runs up roll (pattern in line with roll)

railroaded

top of pattern runs across roll (pattern is sideways to direction of roll), can avoid extra seams

wet and dry crocking

dye transfer