History (11) - Summer Reading Quiz Chap 7 IDs

Continental Army

The Continental Army was the military force created by the Second Continental Congress in 1775 and led by George Washington, and it was significant because it provided the colonies with a unified army to fight against Britain.

Valley Forge

Valley Forge was the site of the Continental Army’s winter camp in 1777, and it was significant because, despite harsh conditions, the army emerged stronger after training, making it a national symbol of endurance.

Loyalists/Tories

Loyalists/Tories were American colonists who supported Britain during the Revolutionary War, and they were significant because their opposition to independence created internal divisions within the colonies.

Benedict Arnold

Benedict Arnold was an American general who defected to the British during the Revolution, and he was significant because his betrayal symbolized the dangers of disunity in the Patriot cause.

Yorktown

Yorktown was the 1781 battle in Virginia where American and French forces defeated the British, and it was significant because it forced General Cornwallis’s surrender and effectively ended the Revolutionary War.

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation was the first U.S. constitution, ratified in 1781, and it was significant because its weaknesses highlighted the need for a stronger federal government.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Treaty of Paris was the agreement that ended the Revolutionary War, and it was significant because it recognized U.S. independence and expanded American territory to the Mississippi River.

Jay’s Treaty

Jay’s Treaty was a 1794 agreement between the U.S. and Britain, and it was significant because it eased tensions but angered many Americans who felt it favored Britain since it failed to stop British impressment of sailors, required repayment of old debts, and seemed too favorable to Britain over Revolutionary France.

The Land Ordinance (1785)

The Land Ordinance was a law passed under the Articles of Confederation to survey and sell western lands, and it was significant because it established the township system and encouraged westward expansion.

Treaty of Fort Stanwix/Treaty of Fort McIntosh

The Treaty of Fort Stanwix/Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a forced agreement by the U.S. on the Iroquois Confederacy, and it was significant because it forced Native Americans to cede land in Ohio and Pennsylvania.

Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom

The Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom was a 1786 Virginia law written by Thomas Jefferson, and it was significant because it guaranteed religious liberty and influenced the First Amendment.

“Legal tender” laws

“Legal tender” laws were state measures requiring creditors to accept paper money, and they were significant because they contributed to postwar economic instability by lowering the value of money, angering creditors, and fueling protests like Shays’ Rebellion.

Shays’ Rebellion

Shays’ Rebellion was an uprising of Massachusetts farmers protesting taxes and debt, and it was significant because it exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and fueled conservative nationalists to push for a conservative government.

Patriots

Patriots were American colonists who supported independence from Britain, and they were significant because they formed the backbone of the Revolutionary movement.

Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was a 1776 document primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson, and it was significant because it justified American independence and expressed enlightenment principles.

George Washington

George Washington was the commander of the Continental Army and the first U.S. president, and he was significant because his leadership secured victory for the U.S. and set precedents for the presidency.

Sir William Howe

Sir William Howe was a British general during the Revolutionary War, and he was significant because his campaigns, including capturing New York and Philadelphia, prolonged the conflict.

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, and he was significant because, he passed the Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, and, despite the fact that he faced great resistance, he raised important issues such as public education, abolishing slavery, and ending severe criminal punishment.

Ratification of the Constitution

Ratification of the Constitution was the 1787–1788 process of approving the new U.S. Constitution, and it was significant because it created a stronger national government after the Articles of Confederation.

Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights was the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and it was significant because it guaranteed fundamental liberties like freedom of speech and religion.

Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress was the meeting of colonial delegates that began in 1775 after fighting broke out at Lexington and Concord, and it was significant because it created the Continental Army under George Washington, managed the war effort, issued the Declaration of Independence, and acted as the de facto national government during the Revolution.

Battle of Saratoga

The Battle of Saratoga was a major American victory in New York where General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold’s forces defeated British General Burgoyne’s army, and it was significant because it marked the turning point of the Revolution by convincing France to ally with the United States and provide crucial military and financial support.