Week 7 - Alcohol Prohibition and Tobacco Regulation

most harmful substances in relation to our health

tobacco and alcohol

international treaties regulating alcohol

none

nicotiana rustica

raw, more potent form of tobacco used by indigenous people

nicotiana tabacum

cultivated tobacco for oils and vapes used by European settlers

Indian Act amendment

1895 - prohibition of tobacco but this didn’t stop them

tobacco growing expanded in Canada and drinking in excess was not frowned upon

the 1800s

which two provinces were tobacco growing centres

Ontario and Quebec

first tobacco factory in Canada opened near Montreal

1858 - William C. Macdonald

who sought to prohibit tobacco in cigarette form

the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

a poster is published by the WCTU that lists the harms of tobacco to youth

1882

Tobacco Restraint Act

1908 - forbade sale of cigarettes to anyone under 16

Tobacco Restraint Act vs Opium and Drug Act

Punishments for tobacco restraint act (1908) were a lot less severe than the opium and drug act (1911)

Who sought to protect domestic tobacco growers from foreign competition

Liberal PM Minister Wilfred Laurier

tobacco in WW1 and WW2

• demand for cigarettes grew

• soldiers were provided free cigarettes

Tobacco Products Act

1997 - modern act that regulates tobacco but fines are still less than the Canadian Drugs and Substances act

Indian Act

1876 - legislation that banned the sale of alcohol to Indigenous peoples

which PM consolidated the Indigenous Act?

John A. Macdonald - 1876

when is it believed that alcohol consumption increased

the 1700s

during which war were soldiers allocated a daily rotation of alcohol

1812

Canadian Temperance Act

1878 - allowed countries to hold a plebiscite on prohibition and only needed a quarter of votes to win

outcomes of the Canadian Temperance Act

• many counties voted to ban alcohol

• bans where short lived

plebiscite

a vote

who blamed substances like alcohol for social issues at the time

the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in 1883

when did the temperance movement receive a boost regarding alcohol

WW1 when prohibition became linked to patriotism

federal alcohol prohibition in Canada

1918-1919 - mostly meant to curb public drinking but bootlegging to the US became popular

Sam Bronfman

consolidated his Montreal distillery with Seagram and Sons in Waterloo in 1928

Seagram

became the most successful exporter of whisky in the world in 1933

the end of the federal alcohol band

1919 - federal government left it up to the provinces to make the rules

prohibition ended in PEI (longest provincial prohibition)

1948

regulation of alcohol

legally regulated as opposed to criminalized

Duncan C. Scott

deputy superintendent general of Indian affairs who enforced liquor bans on Indigenous people via the Indian act — wanted to “civilize”

when was the women’s Christian temperance union founded in Ontario

1877

Nova Scotia law bans alcohol sales to Indigenous people

1829

Gradual Civilization Act

1857 - encouraged assimilation and alcohol control

Gradual Enfranchisement Act

1869 - limited Indigenous autonomy

Distilled alcohol ban in Northwest Territories and Royal North-West Mountain Police force is formed

1870s