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Definition of Questioned Documents
Deals with any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other written mark whose source/ authenticity is in dispute or uncertain
Two types of disputed documents that are analyzed
1) WHO wrote the document, 2) Accuracy/validity/truthfulness of the document
Is handwriting a class or individual characteristic?
Handwriting is an individual characteristic because everyone’s handwriting is unique
At what age does a person’s handwriting become unique (a habit)?
Late teenage years
Why is handwriting considered patterned evidence?
Since each person’s handwriting is unique, you must look for patterns in each person’s writing.
What conditions may cause handwriting to vary?
What we write with/on, mood, age speed, medical conditions, drugs/alcohol
Who analyzes questioned documents?
FBI, Secret Service, Scotland Yard, USPS
What is an exemplar? (Requested vs. non-requested)
Exemplar —> standard documents of known origin/ authorship, requested: asking person to provide handwriting samples (like compared to like), non-requested: found samples (diaries, notes, checks, letters
Requested Exemplar
Advantage: easier to get admitted into the court of law, Disadvantage: calls attention to writing process
Non-requested exemplar
Advantage: not trying to disguise identity, Disadvantage: harder to obtain sample admitted harder to prove who wrote it
Best practice in terms of exemplars to analyze them
Mix of requested + Non requested exemplars
Infrared Luminescence
You can see additions made to a piece of writing
ESDA (Electrostatic Detection apparatus)
using toner and glass you can detect indentations made on previous papers under realm
What is forensics linguistics?
Definition: study of verbal or written language to determine what happened, WHO wrote the document? How serious is the threat? How accurate is the witness statement?
List examples of what forensics linguistics will analyze
Word choice, syntax, pronouns, extraneous information, deviations from the norm, Graphology: using handwriting to gauage personality traits
FF SIgn here
Handwriting analysis, ink analysis (describe key points)
FF Letter Perfect
Forensics Linguistics (letter found on computer)
JonBenet Ramsey Case
Forensics linguistics (ransom note)