Portable water

water purification

Process of removing undesirable chemicals and contaminants from water like dissolved solid

how to portable water produced

-choosing an appropriate source of fresh water

• From freshwater (like rivers, lakes):

  1. Filtration (remove solids)

  2. Sterilisation (kill microbes) — by chlorine, UV light, or ozone.

• From seawater (where freshwater is scarce):

  • Desalination by distillation or reverse osmosis (both very expensive and energy-intensive).

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

boil water → collect and condense the steam (removes salts and microbes).

reverse osmosis

A desalinization process that involves forcing orce water through a semi-permeable membrane (blocks salts).

What are two problems with desalination?

• High energy cost.

• Expensive equipment.

Why is potable water not considered pure water?

Because it contains small, safe amounts of dissolved substances, unlike pure H₂O(water)

How would you distill water (RQ)?

1. Heat the water until it boils.

2. The water evaporates (turns into steam), leaving dissolved salts and impurities behind.

3. The steam travels through a cooling tube (condenser) where it cools and condenses back into liquid water.

4. The pure distilled water is collected in a separate container.