CHN - RLE - Communicable Diseases

Communicable Disease

is any disease that can be transmitted directly or indirectly from one person to another

Infection

- Is the condition caused by the entry and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms within the host body. It also invades organisms (bacteria, helminths, fungi, parasites, rickettsia and prion)

Immunity

The quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease.

Innate Immunity

- within the host (Immune System)

Immune System

- Protection against antigen or diseases by a antibody production system.

Antibody

produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen

Antigen

- triggering agent of the immune system

Ig G

most prevalent antibody, 80%, produced later in the immune response, only Ig that can cross the placenta.

Ig A

- found in colostrum, tears, saliva, swea

Ig M

principal antibody of blood, quickly produced in response to an antigen, responds to artificial immunization

Ig E

Present in allergic reactions

Ig D

unknown, antigen receptor, found in the surface of β cells.

Immunization

- a process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented.

Active Immunity

- antibodies are produced by the body in response to infection. Antigen is introduced, long duration

Antigens

Are administered to stimulate antibody production.

- Reinforced by booster dose to increase immunity

Killed Vaccines

Pertussis Vaccines, typhoid vaccines

Live Vaccines

Attenuated, weakened sabin, measles

Toxoid

Inactivated bacterial toxin, tetanus and diptheria

Passive Immunity

antibodies are produced by another source. Antibodies are introduced, short duration.

Artificial Passive

immune serum (antibody) from animal or human is injected. Provide immediate protection (Diptheria antitoxin, tetanus antitoxin). Skin testing is a must

Tetanus or Lock Jaw

caused by CT which produces a potent exotoxin with prominent systemic neuromuscular effects such as generalized spasmodic contractions of the skeletal musculature.

Wound Setting or Punctured Wounds

The mode of transmission for Tetanus

3 days to 3 weeks

Incubation period of Tetanus in adults

3 to 30 days

Incubation period of Tetanus to newborn

Tetanus Toxoid

The vaccine for Tetanus, IM administration

Rabies or Hydrophobia (Lyssa)

- specific, acute viral infection communicated to man by the saliva of an infected animal.

Rhabdo Virus

Causative agent for Rabies

Bite from Warm Blooded Animals

Mode of transmission of Rabies

10 days to 15 years

Incubation period of Rabies to Humans

HRIG and ERIG

Passive Immunity for Rabies

Poliomyelitis or Infantile Paralysis or Heine-Medin-Disease

acute infectious disease characterized by changes in the CNS, which may result in pathologic reflexes, muscle spasm, & paralysis. This is a disease of lower motor neurons.

Legio Debilitans

Causative agent of poliomyelitis

Fecal-Oral Route

Mode of transmission of Poliomyelitis

7-21 days

Incubation period of Polio in humans

IPV

protects against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3.

tOPV or Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine

protects against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 - following the "OPV Switch" in April 2016, tOPV is no longer in use

Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine

Protects against poliovirus type 1 and 3

Meningitis or Cerebrospinal Fever

- inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord as a result of viral or bacterial infections

Neisseria Meningditis

The causative agent for Meningitis

1-10 days

Incubation period of Meningitis

Encephalitis or Brain Fever

Inflammatory disease involving the NS resulting in abnormal functioning of the brain and spinal cord.

Arboviruses

The Causative agent for Encephalitis

5-15 days

The incubation period for Encephalitis

Leprosy

A skin and nerve disease that causes open sores on the body and can lead to serious complications and death

Myobacterium Leprae and Hansen's Bacillus

The causative agents for Leprosy

5 1/2 months to 8 years

The incubation period of leprosy

BCG

Vaccine for Leprosy

Botulism

Rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a potent neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum. Comes from Latin "botulus," meaning sausage

12-36 hours in food, 4-14 days in wound

Botulism Incubation Period

Amoebaiasis

(Intestinal infection caused by a protozoa, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain.)

2-4 weeks

Incubation period of Amoebiasis

Bacillary Dysentery

Severe intestinal infection causing bloody diarrhea

Shigella SPP.

Causative agent for Bacillary Dysentery

1-3 days

Incubation period for Bacillary Dysentery

Cholera

(Acute bacterial infection of the GIT characterized by profuse watery diarrhea and dehydration.

Few hours to 3 days

Incubation period of Cholera

Typhoid Fever

Bacterial infection affecting lymphoid tissues of the small intestine, called Peyer's patches

Salmonella Typhi

The causative agent for Typhoid Fever

10 - 20 days

The incubation period for Typhoid Fever

Schistosomiasis

Chronic disease caused by blood flukes, affecting the urinary or intestinal tract

2 months

Incubation period for Schistosomiasis

Mumps

Acute viral dse. manifested by swelling of one or both parotid glands, with occasional involvement of other glandular structures such as testes in males

Paramyxovirus Group

The causative agent for mumps

14 - 25 days

Incubation period for Mumps

Diptheria

Acute bacterial dse. that can infect 2 areas: the throat (Respi. Diphtheria) and the skin (Skin or cutaneous diphtheria)

Corynebacterium Diptheriae

The causative agent for Diptheria

2-5 days

Incubation period for Diptheria

DTaP Vaccine

protects young children from diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough

DT Vaccine

protects young children from diphtheria and tetanus

Tdap Vaccine

protects preteens, teens, and adults from tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough

Td Vaccine

protects preteens, teens, and adults from tetanus and diphtheria

Pertussis

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

7-14 days

The incubation period for pertussis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions

2-10 weeks

The incubation period for Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Airborne and Droplets

Mode of transmission for Pulmonary TB

Pneumonia

An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

1 to 3 days

Incubation period for Pneumonia

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Vaccine for Pneumonia

Dengue Fever

a mosquito-borne illness common in tropical and subtropical regions, causing flu-like symptoms like high fever, headache, and body aches

Flaviviruses

The causative agent for Dengue Fever

7-10 days

Incubation period for Dengue Fever

Dengvaxia

recommended for children aged 9 to 16 who have had a confirmed previous dengue infection and live in areas where dengue is common.

Malaria

acute & chronic parasitic dse. transmitted by the bite of iinfected mosquitoes confined mainly to tropical & subtropical areas.

Anopheles Mosquito

Bite from ______ spreads malaria

12 days

P. Falciparum Incubation period

14 days

P. Vivax and Ovale Incubation Period

30 days

P. Malariae incubation period

Filiariasis

parasitic dse. caused by microscopic, threadlike African eye worm.

8-16 months

Incubation period for Filiariasis

Leptospirosis

bacterial disease transmitted through contact with contaminated urine

Leptospira Interrogans

Causative agent of leptospirosis.

6-15 days

Incubation period of Leptospirosis

Measles

acute, contagious& exanthematous dse. that usually affects children who are susceptible to URTI

Paramyxo Virdae

The causative agent for measles

Rubeola

contagious disease characterized by fever, inflammation of the mucous membranes, and rose-colored spots on the skin; also called measles

10-12 days

incubation period of rubeola or measles

German Measles or Rubella

acute contagious dse. charac. by mild constitutional symptoms, & a rose colored macular eruption sometimes resembles measles. Has a teratogenic effect on the fetus

Droplets and Airborne

The mode of transmission for Rubeola and Rubella

Chickenpox or varicella

small, tight vesicles, first appear in trunk and then spread to face, arms, and legs. "dew drop on a rose petal." not contagious once all crusted.