Thẻ ghi nhớ: SAT WORD IN CONTEXT ( Reading phase 1) | Quizlet

overpowering

very strong or powerful : Không thể cưỡng lại được

= overwhelming = compelling = enticing = alluring

pestiferous

- harboring infection and disease

Eg: the pestiferous area around the prison

- constituting a pest or nuisance; annoying

Eg: that _________ nephew of yours

gây hại, truyền bệnh, phiền phức

= harmful = noxious = troublesome = annoying

noxious

poisonous or harmful

Eg: ______ fumes

= harmful = pestiferous = troublesome = annoying

splendiferous

/splenˈdɪfərəs/ extremely good or pleasant

dexterous

/ˈdekstrəs/ ​showing or having skill, especially with your hands

Eg: She is _______with her hands, able to repair watches effortlessly.

exigent

needing urgent attention, or demanding too much from other peopleneeding urgent attention, or demanding too much from other people - cấp bách, khẩn thiết

Eg: an ______ manager

= urgent = pressing = critical = imperative

debilitating

- ​making somebody's body or mind weaker

Eg: a ________ disease

- making a country, an organization, etc. weaker

Eg: The economy is now strengthening after a long and ______ recession.

= weakening = exhausting = draining = enfeebling = crippling

enfeeble

/ɪnˈfiːbl/ make somebody/something weak

Eg: The soldiers were ______ by lack of nutrition.

= debilitating = weakening = exhausting = draining = enfeebling = crippling

cripple

- seriously damage or harm somebody/something

Eg: The industry has been financially ______ by these policies.

- damage somebody's body so that they cannot walk or move well

Eg: He was _______ by polio as a child.

= disable

arduous

​involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time

Eg: The work was ________.

= onerous = burdensome = taxing = difficult = heavy

boisterous

(of people, animals or behaviour) noisy and full of life and energy- ồn ào, náo nhiệt

Eg: It was a challenge, keeping ten ________ seven-year-olds amused.

= loud = noisy = rowdy = rambunctious = uproarious

unruly

​difficult to control or manage = disorderly

Eg: He struggled hard to control his _____ emotions.

- ngỗ ngược, khó bảo, không tuân theo kỷ luật

= disobedient = uncontrollable = rebellious = disorderly = defiant

reticent

​unwilling to tell people about things = reserved = uncommunicative

kín đáo, dè dặt, ít nói

= reserved = taciturn = silent = quiet = uncommunicative

taciturn

​tending not to say very much, in a way that seems unfriendly

Eg: He was ______ throughout the meeting, answering only when questioned.

= reticent = reserved = silent = quiet = uncommunicative

prevailing

thống trị, chiếm ưu thế

= controlling = commanding = ruling = overpowering

facile

- produced without effort or careful thought = glib

Eg: It seems too ______ to blame everything on his mishandling of the crisis.

- obtained too easily and having little value

Eg: a _____ victory

= easy = superficial = shallow= simplistic

perfunctory

​(of an action) done as a duty or habit, without real interest, attention or feeling - qua loa, chiếu lệ, làm cho có lệ

Eg: They only made a _____ effort.

= cursory = superficial = token = mechanical = automatic

cursory

​done quickly and without giving enough attention to details = brief = perfunctory

Eg: He gave the report a rather ____ look.

= perfunctory = superficial = token = mechanical = automatic

proffer

-offer something to somebody, by holding it out to them

Eg: He bent forward to kiss her _____ cheek.

-offer something such as advice or an explanation

Eg: What advice would you _____to someone starting up in business? - đưa ra, đề nghị, dâng tặng

= offer = present= extend = tender = volunteer

amalgam

- (of sth): a mixture or combination of things

Eg: The film script is an ______ of all three books.

- a mixture of mercury and another metal, used especially to fill holes in teeth

= mixture = blend = combination = alloy = composite

alloy

/ˈælɔɪ/ a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or by mixing metal with another substance

= mixture = amalgam = blend = combination = composite

laundress

người giặt ủi (nữ) = washerwoman = laundrywoman = washwoman

clandestine

= secret = covert = undercover = hidden = stealthy

corroborate

provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc. = confirm = verify = substantiate = validate = support

candid

- saying what you think openly and honestly; not hiding your thoughts

Eg: To be _______, I can't stand her.

- ​a ______photograph is one that is taken without the person in it knowing that they are being photographed

Eg: He mingled among the guests and took the ______ shots which were much more fun than the formal group photographs.

= frank = honest = straightforward = sincere = open

embellished

được tô điểm, được trang trí, thêm thắt

= decorated = adorned = enhanced = embroidered = exaggerated

denounce

- strongly criticize somebody/something that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.

Eg: She publicly _____ the government's handling of the crisis.

- tell the police, the authorities, etc. about somebody's illegal political activities

Eg: Many people ______ their neighbours to the secret police.

= condemn = censure = criticize = blame = reproach

denunciation

an act of criticizing somebody/something strongly in public

Eg: The bishop made an angry _______ of the government's policies.

censure

strong criticism

Eg: The opposition forced a vote of _____ on the government's foreign policy.

reproach

blame or criticism for something you have done

Eg: His voice was full of ______.

amusing

​funny and giving pleasure = entertaining = funny = humorous = enjoyable = delightful

bewildering

making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because something is difficult to understand

= confusing = perplexing = baffling = puzzling = mystifying

perplex

if something perplexes you, it makes you confused or worried because you do not understand it = puzzle

Eg: The instructions were vague enough to _______ even experts.

tabulate

sắp xếp thành bảng, lập bảng

= organize = arrange = catalog = list = chart

chronicle

to record events in the order in which they happened

= record = document = log = archive

proprietary

- ​(of goods) made and sold by a particular company and protected by a registered trademark

Eg: a _____ medicine

- ​relating to an owner or to the fact of owning something

Eg: The company has a ______ right to the property.

= exclusive = owned = patented = private

proprietor

the owner of a business, a hotel, etc.

Eg: Enquiries must be made to the __________.

realize

produce something that can be seen or heard, based on written information or instructions - thực hiện

Eg: The stage designs have been beautifully ____.

= recognize = understand = achieve = accomplish

supplant

= replace = supersede = displace = overthrow = usurp

usurp

take somebody's position and/or power without having the right to do this

Eg: Democratically elected representatives should not be _______ by pressure groups.

= supplant = supersede = replace = displace = overthrow

abstraction

- a general idea not based on any particular real person, thing or situation; the quality of being abstract

Eg: Ideological ________ are never going to attract many voters.

- the state of thinking deeply about something and not paying attention to what is around you

Eg: She was gazing in __________ at the far corner of the room.

= generalization = conceptualization = idea = notion

legitimate

- for which there is a fair and acceptable reason

= valid = justifiable

Eg: It seemed a perfectly ______ question.

- allowed and acceptable according to the law

= legal

Eg: The ________ government was reinstated after the uprising.

>< illegitimate

- ​(of a child) born when its parents are legally married to each other

>< illegitimate

= legal = lawful = valid = rightful = authorized

epitomize

be a perfect example of something

Eg: The fighting qualities of the team are ______ by the captain.

= symbolize = represent = embody = exemplify

analogy

- a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features; a feature that is similar

Eg: The teacher drew an _______ between the human heart and a pump.

- the process of comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it

Eg: We can understand this theory by _______ with human beings.

= comparison = similiarity = parallel = correspondence

divisive

/dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ ​causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other

Eg: He believes that unemployment is socially ______.

- gây chia rẽ

= controversial = polarizing = discordant = disruptive

luminous

- shining in the dark; giving out light

Eg: staring with huge ________ eyes

- very bright in colour

Eg: They painted the door a _________ green.

= bright = radiant = glowing = shining = brilliant

cryptic

- ​with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood

= mysterious

Eg: a _______ message/remark/smile

- ​(of a crossword) with difficult clues that involve a kind of word puzzle

Eg: a _______ crossword clue

= enigmatic = mysterious = obscure = puzzling

seditious

/sɪˈdɪʃəs/ ​intended to encourage people to oppose a government

Eg: The letter was declared _______.

= destructive = undermining = subversive = treasonous

treasonous

phản quốc

= subversive = undermining = destructive = seditious

imbue

fill somebody/something with strong feelings, opinions or values

= infuse

Eg: Her voice was ____with an unusual seriousness.

= soak = drench = full = saturate = permeate

contingent

- (on/ upon sth) depending on something that may or may not happen

Eg: All payments are ________ upon satisfactory completion dates.

- ___________ worker/ job / work: a person, or work done by a person, who does not have a permanent contract with a company

Eg: the spread of ________ work throughout the economy

= dependent = conditional = subject to = reliant

deplete

reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount - cạn kiệt, suy giảm

Eg: Food supplies were severely _______.

= exhausted = drained = consumed = spent = diminished

ornamental

used as decoration rather than for a practical purpose

= decorative

Eg: The chimney pots are purely _____.

= decorative = embellishing = adornment = beautifying

prominently

- ​in a way that is easily seen or noticed

Eg: The photographs were __________ displayed on her desk.

- ​in a way that deliberately gives a lot of attention to somebody/something and makes them important or significant

Eg: Problems of family relationships feature _______ in her novels.

-> một cách nổi bật, dễ thấy

= conspicuously = noticeably = strikingly = outstandingly

engulf

-surround or to cover somebody/something completely

Eg: He was ________ by a crowd of reporters.

- affect somebody/something very strongly

Eg: Fear ________ her.

-> nuốt chửng, bao trùm, nhấn chìm

= swallow = overwhelm = envelop = submerge = consume

speculate

about - suy đoán, phỏng đoán

Eg: We all ___________ about the reasons for her resignation.

= guess = hypothesize = theorize = conjecture = surmise

catalog

- arrange a list of things in order in a catalogue; to record something in a catalogue

Eg: It took six years to ________all the paintings.

- give a list of things connected with a particular person, event, etc.

Eg: Interviews with the refugees ________ a history of discrimination and violence.

-> danh mục, bảng liệt kê

(n) = directory = list = index = register = inventory

counterfeit

make an exact copy of something in order to trick people into thinking that it is the real thing

giả tạo, nguỵ tạo

= fake = forged = falsified = invented = fabricated

bewail

express very sad feelings about something

Eg: He _______ his mistakes after the exam results were announced.

-> than khóc, thương tiếc

= mourn = grieve = bemoan = lament

seize on/ upon

suddenly show a lot of interest in something, especially because you can use it to your advantage

Eg: The rumours were eagerly _____________ by the local press.

-> tịch thu, bắt giữ , nắm lấy

= confiscate = capture = grab = take = apprehend

= pounce on/ upon

leverage

/ˈlevərɪdʒ/ - get as much advantage or profit as possible from something that you have

Eg: This system will help you to _______ your time so that you get more done.

- use borrowed money to buy an investment, in the hope of increasing profits in the future

Eg: The company was heavily _______ and at risk of insolvency.

--> tận dụng, khai thác

= utilize = exploit = harness = capitalize on = make use of

proceed

move or travel in a particular direction

Eg: The marchers ________ slowly along the street.

intermittent

gián đoạn, không liên tục

= sporadic = irregular = occasional = periodic = on-and-off

provisional

- ​arranged for the present time only and likely to be changed in the future = temporary

Eg: a _______ government

- ​arranged, but not yet definite

Eg: The booking is only _______.

--> tạm thời

= temporary = interim = transitional = preliminary

purport

+ to be/ have sth: claim to be something or to have done something, when this may not be true

Eg: The book does not _______ to be a complete history of the period.

--> cho là, tuyên bố là

= allege = claim = suppose = profess

profess

- claim that something is true or correct, especially when it is not

Eg: I don't _______ to be an expert in this subject.

- state openly that you have a particular belief, feeling, etc. = declare

Eg: In this scene the couple finally ______ their love for each other.

- belong to a particular region

Eg: to _____ Christianity/Islam/Judaism

= purport = allege = claim = suppose

obstensible

/ɑːˈstensəbl/ ​seeming or stated to be real or true, when this is perhaps not the case = apparant

Eg: The _______ reason for his absence was illness.

extrapolate

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ estimate something or form an opinion about something, using the facts that you have now and that are relevant to one situation and supposing that they will be relevant to the new one

Eg: The figures were obtained by __________ from past trends.

--> ngoại suy, suy ra từ thông tin có sẵn

= infer = deduce = conclude = project = estimate

obfuscate

/ˈɑːbfəskeɪt/ make something less clear and more difficult to understand, usually deliberately

Eg: The report was written to ______ the real cause of the problem.

--> làm mờ đi, che giấu, gây khó hiểu

= confuse = obscure = complicate = muddy = cloud

stentorian

/stenˈtɔːriən/ (of a voice) loud and powerful

Eg: He spoke in _______ tones.

abolitionist

/ˌæbəˈlɪʃənɪst/ ​a person who is in favour of the abolition of something, especially capital punishment (= punishment by death) or (in the past) slavery

--> người theo chủ nghĩa bãi nô, người vận động bãi bỏ chế độ nô lệ

= emancipationist = antislavery activist = reformer

galvanize

- make somebody take action by shocking them or by making them excited

Eg: The urgency of his voice ______ them into action.

- cover metal with zinc in order to protect it from rust

Eg: a _______ bucket

--> mạ kẽm, kích thích, khích lệ

= stimulate = inspire = motivate = energize = spur

apportion

divide something among people; to give a share of something to somebody

Eg: The programme gives the facts but does not _________ blame.

Eg: They _____________ the land among members of the family.

---> được phân bổ, được chia phần

= allocate = distribute = assign = divide = allot

-> apportionment (n)

abnegate

từ bỏ, khước từ

Eg: He abnegated his personal ambitions for the sake of his family.

= renounce = relinquish = surrender = reject = deny

extemporize

​to speak or perform without preparing or practising = improvise

---> ứng biến

= improvise = ad-lib, wing it, make up

divergent

(of opinions, views, etc.) different; no longer similar

--> phân kỳ, khác biệt

= different = dissimilar = varying = conflicting

scant

​hardly any; not very much and not as much as there should be

Eg: I paid _______ attention to what she was saying.

---> ít ỏi, không đủ

= meager = sparse = insufficient = limited = inadequate

abstruse

/əbˈstruːs/ ​difficult to understand

Eg: The professor's lecture was highly ______________.

---> khó hiểu, trừu tượng

= obscure = arcane = esoteric = cryptic = recondite

arcane

​secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand

Eg: the ________ rules of cricket

= abstruse = obscure = esoteric = cryptic = recondite

inept

/ɪˈnept/ ​acting or done with no skill

Eg: He's intelligent but socially ________(= not good at relating to people socially).

--> vụng về, thiếu khả năng

= incompetent = clumsy = awkward = unskilled = bungling

commandeer

take control of a building, a vehicle, etc. for military purposes during a war, or by force for your own use

Eg: The soldiers had commandeered the farm and the villa five months ago.

--> tịch thu, trưng dụng

= confiscate = seize = requisition

insipid

- ​having almost no taste = flavourless

Eg: a cup of insipid coffee

- ​not interesting or exciting = dull

Eg: After an hour of ______ conversation, I left.

----> nhạt nhẽo, vô vị

= bland = tasteless= dull = flat = boring

hard line

the fact of being very severe, for example in refusing to allow something or to give people what they want

Eg: The government wants to take a _______ against the strikers.

virtuous

/ˈvɜːrtʃuəs/ - behaving in a very good and moral way; showing high moral standards = irreproachable

Eg: She lived an entirely ______ life.

- claiming to behave better or have higher moral standards than other people

Eg: He was feeling __________ because he had finished and they hadn't.

mismatch

a combination of things or people that do not go together well or are not suitable for each other

Eg: a ___________ between people's real needs and the available facilities

= discrepancy = inconsistency = incongruity

brawl

​/brɔːl/ a noisy and violent fight involving a group of people, usually in a public place

Eg: A ________ broke out outside the nightclub after midnight.

= melee = fracas = scuffle = riot = ruckus = affray

melee

/ˈmeɪleɪ/ ​a situation in which a crowd of people are rushing or pushing each other in a confused way

Eg: I lost hold of her hand in the _______ of people rushing towards the entrance.

= brawl = fracas = scuffle = riot = ruckus = affray

meld

/meld/ combine with something else; to make something combine with something else

Eg: The two companies _______ into a single organization.

fracas

/ˈfreɪkəs/ ​a noisy argument or fight, usually involving several people

Eg: He was injured during a late-night _______ outside the bar.

= brawl = melee = scuffle = riot = ruckus = affray

affray

/əˈfreɪ/ a fight or violent behaviour in a public place that disturbs the peace

Eg: The men were charged with ______ /with causing an ______.

= brawl = fracas = melee = scuffle = riot = ruckus

ductile

​(of a metal) that can be made into a thin wire- dẻo, dễ kéo sợi

Eg: Copper is highly ________ and can be drawn into fine wires.

= malleable = flexible = pliable = adaptable = moldable

pliable

- ​easy to bend without breaking = flexible

Eg: The plant has long _________ stems.

- ​(of people) easy to influence or control = impressionable

Eg: He'd always thought of her as ________. How wrong he was!

= malleable = flexible = adaptable = ductile = moldable

trot

/trɑːt/ - (of a horse or its rider) to move forward at a speed that is faster than a walk and slower than a canter

Eg: I could hear the sound of several horses ___________ along in the lane.

- ride a horse in this way Eg: She _______ her pony around the field.

- (of a person or an animal) to run or walk fast, taking short, quick steps

Eg: The children ______ into the room.

- walk or go somewhere Eg: The guide led the way and we _______ along behind him.

----> chạy nước kiệu, đi nhanh nhẹn

= jog = run = lope = canter

be hot to trot

- be very enthusiastic about starting an activity

Eg: The team is _________ and ready to begin.

- be excited in a sexual way

Eg: He's clearly __________ after a few drinks and some flirting.

canter

- ​(of a horse or rider) to move at a canter; to make a horse move at a canter

+ home/ to victory/ to a win: (in sport) to win easily

Eg: Australia ____________ home by 10 wickets.

on the trot

- one after the other = succession

Eg: Three buses arrived ________________.

- busy all the time

Eg: I've been _____________ all day.

She's _____________ from morning till night.

proxy

a person who has been given the authority to represent somebody else - uỷ quyền, người đại diện, máy chủ trung gian

Eg: She is acting as ______ for her husband.

= agent = substitute = delegate = intermediary = surrogate

intermediary

a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them

Eg: Financial institutions act as _______________ between lenders and borrowers.

= mediator = go-between

surrogate

used to describe a person or thing that takes the place of, or is used instead of, somebody/something else

Eg: She became a __________ mother to the orphaned child.

deflate

- let air or gas out of a tyre, balloon, etc.; to become smaller because of air or gas coming out

Eg: The balloon slowly _________ overnight.

- make somebody feel less confident; to make somebody/something feel or seem less important

Eg: All the criticism had left her feeling totally ______.

- reduce the amount of money being used in a country so that prices fall or stay steady

-------> xẹp xuống, mất hơi, giảm sút

= collapse = flatten = deplete = discourage