Chapter 6 - Animal Nutrition : Digestion

passive diffusion

Water is absorbed by ________ throughout the length of the small intestine and mineral salts are absorbed in the ileum.

Nutrients

absorbed across the wall of the small intestine and into the capillaries or lacteal.

islets of Langerhans

Cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin

synthesis of plasma

The liver is involved in the ________ proteins e.g.

pyloric sphincter

a ring of muscle at the base of the stomach that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine in small amounts at a time.

oesophagus

a muscular tube that leads to the stomach.

alcohol

The drug, which if consumed too much, can also lead to inflammation, scarring and destruction of liver cells.

small intestine

The structure divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Peristalsis

Process in the stomach that churns the food to break the food up and mix it thoroughly with gastric juice.

Saliva

Present in the mouth and contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which breaks down starch into maltose.

Acetaldehyde

Substance converted to harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

stomach

The ________ walls form deep pits that contain gastric glands.

waste matter

The ________ ends up at the rectum where it is stored before it can be eliminated from the body through the anus.

Glucagon

a hormone that stimulates the liver cells to convert stored glycogen in the liver back into glucose.

small intestine

Food is completely digested here

Excessive alcohol consumption

________ can lead to inflammation and ulcers.

Teeth

start to break the food into smaller pieces.

bile

an alkaline greenish-yellow fluid, is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Emulsification

The process where bile breaks up large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets

Villi

Finger-like projections on the inner wall of small intestines

Lacteal

a network of capillaries and a small vessel within each villus

Large intestine

has the function of absorbing the remaining water and mineral salts that have not been absorbed by the small intestine.

Rectum

where the waste matter is stored before it can be eliminated from the body through the anus.

Hepatic portal vein

A large blood vessel the blood capillaries of the villi converge into

Liver

The organ involved in the synthesis of plasma proteins