Nutrition for Children, Adolescents, and Older Adults

childhood

_________ typically refers to the time between second birthday and puberty

body size, activity level, growth rate

child's need for calories depends on multiple factors:

what, when, and where

division of responsibility -- caregiver/parent

how much and whether

division of responsibility -- child

sources of iron

lean meat, peanut butter, fortified breakfast cereals and grains, apricots

lead toxicity

another cause of anemia: inhibits iron absorption and inhibits enzyme needed to synthesize hemoglobin

sources of lead

paint in older homes, lead pipes in plumbing, possibly some imported eating utensils and toys

causes of obesity

physical inactivity, more time with video games, TV, computers, larger portion sizes, food advertising directed to children, widespread availability of food, use of food as a reward

BMI-for-age growth chart

how is obesity measured in children?

overweight

85th to less than the 95th percentile

obese

95th percentile or greater

underweight

less than 5th percentile

food allergy

condition in which the body produces antibodies against particular protein in food

anaphylactic shock

condition in which blood pressure is very low and breathing is shallow (from peanut allergy is the most common)

- milk

- eggs

- fish

- shellfish

- tree nuts

- peanuts

- wheat

- soybean

- sesame

the big 9 food allergies

10-11 years

growth spurt age for girls:

12-13 years

growth spurt age for boys:

puberty

period of sexual maturation that occurs until sexual reproduction is possible, sex hormones are produced

50%

accrue ________ of adult peak bone mass during adolescence

calcium

mineral needed to support bone health

living alone

lack motivation to cook meals

depression

overeating or undereating

anxiety

reduction in digestive secretions

xerostomia

dry mouth

loss of neuromuscular coordination

cooking and feeding oneself is difficult for elders because:

alzheimer's disease

abnormal deterioration of the brain

antioxidant foods (berries) and omega-3 fatty acids

nutrients associated with reducing risk of Alzheimer's (start early 20/30s)

anemia

__________ is usually due to causes other than iron-deficiency: gastric ulcers and related ailments leading to blood loss over time and reduced absorption of Vitamin B12

polypharmacy

use of multiple drugs by an individual, the elderly are at risk for this