Cyclic Electron flow and Chemiosmosis in the light reactions

Which molecule does the Calvin cycle use more of, ATP or NADPH?

ATP

Why is the cyclic electron flow needed?

To produce extra ATP for the Calvin cycle

Which photosystem is used in the cyclic electron flow?

Photosystem 1

What happens when light hits the P700 chlorophyll a in cyclic electron flow?

It ejects electrons that travel down an electron transport chain.

What path do electrons take in the cyclic process?

From ferredoxin → cytochrome complex → back to P700 chlorophyll a.

What are the products of the cyclic electron flow?

ATP only (no NADPH or O₂).

Which components make up the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

Photosystem II, Photosystem I, and the molecules between them.

How is the energy released by electrons used in the thylakoid membrane?

It pumps H⁺ ions from the stroma (low concentration) into the thylakoid space (high concentration).

What enzyme allows H⁺ ions to diffuse back into the stroma?

ATP Synthase

What is the overall process of ATP production in the thylakoid membrane called?

Chemiosmosis