chemisty ch 1

macroscopic

(large scale) what we see everday

microscope

(small scale) must magnify to see

chemistry

is the study of matter—its composition,
properties, and transformations

matter

is anything that has mass and takes up volume.

solid state

definite volume and shape, maintains its shape regardless of its container, particles lie close together in a regular pattern.

liquid state

definite volume and indefinite shape, takes shape of its container, particles are close together but can move past one another.

Gas state

has indefinite shape, assumes the shape of its container, indefinite volume, particles very far apart and move around randomly.

pure substance

is composed of only a single component (atom or molecule) constant composition, regardless of sample size, cannot be broken down by a physical change.

all matter can be classified as either a…

pure substance or a mixture

mixture

composed of more than one component, varying compositions (any combination of solid, liquid, and gas), can be separated into their components by a physical process. (2 types)

heterogeneous mixture

mixture in which the composition varies from point to point.

homogeneous mixture

mixture in which the composition is uniform and appears visually the same throughout.

solute

component of a solutions that is typically present at a much lower quantity. (lesser amount) dispersed in the solvent.

solvent

a component of a solution that is typically present at a much higher quantity. (greater amount) medium in which solute dispersed.

pure substance

classified as an element or a compound.

element

pure substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical change.

compound

pure substance formed by chemically joining two or more elements

physical change

change in the state or properties
of matter without any accompanying change in its
chemical composition (the identity of the substance
remains the same)

physical properties

characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition (boiling, melting point, solubility, color, odor, state of matter)

chemical change

always produces one or more types of matter thar differ from the matter present before the change.

chemical properties

the change of one type of matter into another type (or inability to change) (toxicity, reactivity, types of chemical bonds, etc)

extensive property

depends on the amount of matter present (mass, volume, heat. )

intensive property

does not depend on the amount of matter present (density, temperature)