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Binary
A base-2 number system using digits 0 and 1.
Decimal
The standard base-10 number system.
Conversion
Decimal to binary involves division by 2; binary to decimal involves multiplying by powers of 2.
Bit
The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary digit (0 or 1).
Nibble
A group of 4 bits.
Byte
Consists of 8 bits or 2 nibbles.
Kilobyte
Approximately 1000 bytes.
Megabyte
Roughly 1,000,000 bytes.
Gigabyte
Around 1,000,000,000 bytes or 1000 megabytes.
Terabyte
Approximately 1,000,000,000,000 bytes or 1000 gigabytes.
Note 
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