AP HUGE OFFICIAL

Transhumance Migration

Seasonal movement of livestock

Intraregional migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Interregional migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another region.

chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Step migration

migration occurs in stages

Guest worker

A migrant is given temporary legal status to work

Transnational migration

migration that happens over international borders

Acculturation

people retain their original culture while also adopting aspects of the new culture

Assimilation

People lose their original cultural traits when they join a new culture

Syncretism

two cultures come in contact with each other and the end result is a new culture

Multiculturalism

When various ethnic and cultural groups coexist in society

Crude Birth Rate

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive

Crude Death Rate

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive.

Natural increase Rate

The percentage by whicha population grows in a year.

Total fertility rate

The average number of children a woman will have during her reproductive years.

Dependency Ratio

The number of working people in a country who support the people in a country who cannot work

Sex Ratio

The ratio of males to females.

Doubling Time

The amount of time it takes for a population to double in size

Hunting and gathering societies

Societies that include about 15 percent of the world's population and are found in isolated places.

Vegetative planting

Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems and dividing roots.

Fertile Crescent

Region where domestication of plants and animals began and diffused to other areas.

Shifting cultivation

A form of subsistence agriculture involving clearing land for farming and shifting to a new site after a few years.

Pastoral nomadism

A form of agriculture focused on the herding of animals, typically found in arid regions.

Commercial agriculture

Agriculture that is primarily conducted for profit, as opposed to subsistence.

Double cropping

The agricultural practice of harvesting two crops from the same field in a single year.

Von Thünen's model

A model that explains the connection between land value and agricultural production regions in relation to market towns.

Intertillage

Planting stronger, taller crops to shelter lower, fragile ones from downpours.

Agribusiness

A form of commercial agriculture integrated into a large food-production industry.

Green Revolution

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Luxury crops

Crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations for export to more developed countries.

Intensive subsistence agriculture

A form of agriculture involving high levels of labor and small farm sizes typically found in Asia.

Plantation agriculture

Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics, focused on cash crops for export.

Environmental determinism

The theory suggesting that the environment dictates human behaviors and societal development.

Sustainable agriculture

Agriculture that focuses on producing food in a way that is environmentally friendly and sustainable.

Cattle ranching

A method of raising livestock in open fields; contrasted with feedlots.

Feedlot

An enclosed area where livestock are fed and fattened, often leading to intensive animal agriculture.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of herders and their animals between fixed summer and winter pastures.

Slash-and-burn agriculture

A form of agriculture that involves cutting and burning of plants to create fields for cultivation.

Agricultural density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

Commercial farming

Farming for sale of produce rather than for personal consumption.

Mechanized farming

The use of machinery in agriculture to improve efficiency and productivity.

Export crops

Crops grown in one region for sale in another region, typically to more developed countries.