study session practice unit 1-3

Dr. Frantz studies the linkages between hormone

levels and sexual motivation. Which perspective

is most relevant in Dr. Frantz’ research?

A. Biopsychological

B. Evolutionary

C. Humanistic

D. Psychodynamic

biopsychological

Dr. Waung investigates how a person’s interpretation

of a situation affects his or her reaction. Evidently, Dr.

Waung is working from the _________ perspective.

A. Behavioral

B. Psychodynamic

C. Cognitive

D. Biological

cognitive

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more

aggressive primarily because boys are more frequently

exposed to external pressures to fight and are often

reinforced for aggressive behavior. Natassia’s belief

most directly exemplifies the _______perspective.

A. Behavioral

B. Cognitive

C. Biological

behavioral

A correlation between self-esteem and annual

income of -0.75 would indicate that:

A. Lower levels of self-esteem are associated with lower

levels of annual income.

B. Higher levels of annual income are associated with

lower levels of self-esteem.

Higher levels of annual income are associated with

lower levels of self-esteem.

If psychologists discovered that people who live at the

poverty level have more aggressive children than do

wealthy people, this would clearly indicate that:

a. Poverty has a negative influence on children’s behavior

b. The factors that lead to poverty also cause aggressive

behavior

c. People’s economic status and the aggressiveness of their

children are negatively correlated

People’s economic status and the aggressiveness of their

children are negatively correlated

In order to study some effects of alcohol consumption,

Dr. Chu tested the physical coordination skills of

21-year-old men who were first assigned to drink a

beverage with either 4, 2, or 0 ounces of alcohol. In

this study, the independent variable consisted of:

a. The physical coordination skills of the research

participants

b. The amount of alcohol consumed

amount of alcohol consumed

A researcher was interested in the effects of hair length on

attractiveness. She randomly assigned half her participants

to look at a photo of a man with short hair and half to look

at photo of the same man with shoulder-length hair.

Participants then rated the man’s level of attractiveness on

a 1-7 scale. What was the dependent variable?

a. The length of the man’s hair.

b. The group participants were assigned to.

c. The length of the man’s nose.

d. Ratings of the man’s attractiveness.

Ratings of the man’s attractiveness.

Marc walked into the baseball stadium and was

immediately bombarded with numerous sights,

sounds, and smells. Which component of his memory

is first to process this information?

a. Long-term memory

b. Working memory

c. Sensory memory

d. Short-term memory

sensory memory

In order for information to be moved from sensory

memory to working memory, it must be given

sufficient _____________.

a. Elaborative rehearsal

b. Mnemonics

c. Time

d. Attention

attention

Mr. Musselman is the head coach of the high school football

team. He notices that, after learning the names of the players on

the team this year, he has trouble remembering the names of

the players from the previous year. In fact, he sometimes says

the name of a current player when he is referring to a player

from the previous year. This is an example of:

a. retroactive interference.

b. proactive interference.

c. decay.

d. cue-dependent forgetting.

retroactive interference

________ is defined as forgetting that occurs when

previously stored material interferes with the ability to

remember similar, more recently stored material.

a. cue-dependent forgetting

b. proactive interference

c. decay

d. retroactive interference

proactive interference

In general ______practice is superior to

_______practice.

a. distributed; massed

b. massed; distributed

distributed; massed

In terms of studying for school, massed practice can

best be equated to what method?

a. having weekly study sessions

b. maintaining notecards throughout the semester

c. cramming

d. paying close attention in class

cramming

The autonomic nervous system most directly

controls:

a. speech production.

b. chewing tater tots.

c. movement of the legs and arms.

d. bladder contractions.

bladder contractions

Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to

muscles in your hands by the __________ nervous

system.

a. peripheral

b. parasympathetic

c. sympathetic

d. autonomic

peripheral

After discovering that the shadows outside his window

were only the trees in the yard, Ralph’s blood pressure

decreased and his heartbeat slowed. These physical

reactions were most directly regulated by his:

a. parasympathetic nervous system

b. sympathetic nervous system.

c. somatic nervous system

d. central nervous system.

PNS

correct sequence in transmission of neural impulse

dendrites, soma, axon, synapse

The slowdown of neural communication in multiple

sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:

a. synapse

b. dendrite

c. myelin sheath

d. terminal bulbs

myelin sheath

Patients’ negative expectations about the outcome

of a surgical procedure can increase their

postoperative experience of pain. This best

illustrates the importance of:

a. top-down processing

b. bottom-up processing

top down

Sally has developed cataracts in both eyes,

preventing her from being able to identify even her

mother’s face. Sally most clearly suffers a

deficiency in:

a. top-down processing

b. bottom-up processing

bottom up

Ann went to the optometrist for a vision test. At first, the

doctor presented very small letters on a screen. Ann wasn’t

able to distinguish any of the letters. Each time, the doctor

slightly increased the size of the letters. Eventually, they

found a size where she could correctly identify the letters at

least 50% of the time. This scenario illustrates the:

a. absolute threshold

b. just noticeable difference

c. difference threshold

absolute threshold

Zeke is presented with two colors and he has to tell the

researcher if they are the same or different. At first, he can

easily tell when the colors are different or the same, but the

test gets much harder and eventually he is only able to

accurately tell if the colors are the same or different about

50% of the time. The researcher is testing Zeke’s ______

for color.

a. absolute threshold

b. just noticeable difference

just noticeable difference

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was

involved in an automobile accident at a nearby

intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental

attribution may lead Rhonda to conclude:

a. “Patricia’s brakes must have failed.”

b. “Patricia’s recklessness has finally gotten her into

trouble.”

c. “Patricia’s children probably distracted her.”

d. “The road must have been wet and slippery.”

“Patricia’s recklessness has finally gotten her into

trouble.”

You are walking down the street and accidentally walk into

another person, spilling their coffee all over them. The

person calls you a clumsy idiot. You explain that the sun

was in your eyes and couldn’t see them coming. This is an

example of _________________.

a. The actor-observer bias

b. The fundamental attribution error

c. The self-observer error

d. The self-serving bias

actor observer bias

Hannah asks Jen to babysit her daughter for five hours on

both Saturday and Sunday. Once Jen declines, Hannah asks

her if she would babysit for four hours on Saturday. Jen

agrees to do it. This example demonstrates the

_______________ technique.

a. Foot-in-the-door

b. Foot-in-the-mouth

c. Door-in-the-face

d. Lowball

door in the face

You are shopping for a used car and you see one you like. The

salesperson tells you the cost is $14,300. You agree to this

price. He goes inside the store to get the paperwork done and

comes back out and says the price he originally quoted didn’t

include the tires. With four tires, the cost is actually $15,000.

You still agree to buy the car at this new, higher price. You were

a victim of which technique?

a. Foot-in-the-door

b. Foot-in-the-mouth

c. Door-in-the-face

d. lowball

lowball

A child’s fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is

a(n):

a. unconditioned stimulus.

b. unconditioned response.

c. conditioned stimulus.

d. conditioned response.

conditioned response

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore

property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal.

Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled

with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a(n):

a. unconditioned stimulus.

b. unconditioned response.

c. conditioned stimulus.

d. unconditioned response.

conditioned stimulus

To reduce the personally harmful behavior of some

self-destructive children, therapists have squirted

water in their faces whenever they bite themselves.

The squirt of water is a ___________________.

a. positive punishment

b. negative reinforcer

c. conditioned reinforcer

d. negative punishment

positive punishment

The loss of your driver’s license as a consequence

of drunken driving is an example of_______.

a. positive punishment

b. negative punishment

c. positive reinforcement

d. negative reinforcement

negative punishment

The reduction of anxiety as a consequence of

studying effectively is an example of__________.

a. positive reinforcement

b. negative reinforcement

c. negative punishment

d. positive punishment

negative reinforcement

Mikey has learned that his father sometimes gives him $5 when

he does certain chores; however, it doesn’t happen every

time—sometimes he does only one chore and gets the $5 and

sometimes he does 3 or 4 chores and gets the $5. His father is

using a ___________ schedule of reinforcement.

a. Fixed ratio

b. Fixed interval

c. Variable ratio

d. Variable interval

variable ratio

Your supervisor evaluates you once every 6 months

for a pay raise based on performance. This is a

______________ schedule of reinforcement.

a. Fixed ratio

b. Fixed interval

c. Variable ratio

d. Variable interval

fixed interval

Paul has an irrational fear of snakes. He believes that

snakes can be hiding anywhere and overestimates the

likelihood that he will be bitten by a snake if he is outdoors.

Which approach would best explain Paul’s anxiety?

a. Cognitive

b. Behavioral

c. Biological

d. Sociocultural

cognitive

Raven has an eating disorder that involves binge eating. She

feels so guilty after binging that she then exercises excessively.

This excessive exercise reduces her guilt, making her more

likely to over-exercise the next time she binges. The

_______________ perspective explains why Raven’s eating

disorder pattern is difficult to stop.

a. Cognitive

b. Behavioral

c. Biological

d. Sociocultural

behavioral

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is:

a. an expressionless face

b. loud and meaningless talking

c. inappropriate laughter

d. hallucinations

expressionless face

Cecil has recurring intrusive thoughts of jumping out the

window of his tenth-floor apartment. In order to reduce his

anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil

would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing a(n):

a. Panic disorder

b. Bipolar disorder

c. Generalized anxiety disorder

d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCD

Though it has been two weeks since his car accident,

Max continues to have trouble sleeping and has vivid

flashbacks of the crash. Max is likely suffering from:

a. panic disorder

b. post-traumatic stress disorder

c. generalized anxiety disorder

d. acute stress disorder

acute stress disorder

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to

help patients:

a. become aware of their repressed conflicts and

impulses

b. Focus on their immediate conscious feelings.

c. Feel more trusting of others.

d. Develop greater self-esteem.

become aware of their repressed conflicts and

impulses

Which approach emphasizes the importance of

providing patients with feelings of unconditional

acceptance?

a. psychodynamic

b. behavioral

c. humanistic

d. cognitive

humanistic

Which class of drug has provided help to patients

experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

a. antipsychotic drugs

b. antianxiety drugs

c. antidepressant drugs

d. antimanic drugs

antispychotic

Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called

a. antipsychotic drugs

b. mood-stabilizing drugs

c. antianxiety drugs

d. SSRIs

SSRIs