Chapter 11: Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to meiosis and sexual reproduction.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that combine during fertilization to form a zygote.

Diploid (2n)

Cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid (n)

Cells that contain only one complete set of chromosomes.

Allele

An alternative version of a gene that may produce distinguishable traits.

Crossing Over

The process during Prophase I of meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Independent Assortment

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis.

Recombination

The rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes.

Karyotype

A visual representation of the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Synapsis

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Chiasma

The point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Genetic Variation

Diversity in gene frequencies, which can result from mutations, random assortment, and crossing over.

Zygote

The fertilized egg, which develops into a new organism.

Tetrad

A group of four chromatids formed during meiosis by the pairing of two homologous chromosomes.

Fertilization

The process by which two gametes combine to form a zygote.