Unit 5 - Heredity
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44 Terms
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Phenylketonuria
\________ (PKU)- autosomal recessive disease caused by a single gene defect.
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Karyotype
\________: a chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type.
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Hemophilia
\________ caused by the absence of a protein vital to the clotting process.
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Thomas Morgan
\________ made key discoveries regarding sex linkage and linked genes.
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Crossover
\________- a form of genetic recombination that occurs during prophase I of meiosis, led to their production.
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Tay Sachs
\________ disease- fatal genetic disorder that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage.
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Edwards
\________ syndrome- can affect all organs; trisomy 18.
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Anaphase I
\________- Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Geneticists
\________ breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the trait.
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Intermediate inheritance
\________- an individual heterozygous for a trait (Yy) shows characteristics not exactly like either parent.
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Cytokinesis
\________- After the daughter cells split, the two newly formed cells are haploid (n)
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Huntington
\________ disease- A fatal disease that causes the breakdown of the nervous system.
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human life
The cells produced during meiosis in the \________ cycle- gametes.
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mates
A horizontal line from male to female represents \________ that have produced offspring.
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Cystic fibrosis
\________ (CF)- recessive disorder, the most common fatal genetic disease in the US.
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Haploid
\________ (n) organism- Has only one copy of each type of chromosome.
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Genotype
\________: an organisms genetic makeup for a given trait.
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Diploid
\________ (2n) organism- Has two copies of each type of chromosome.
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Chromosome duplication
\________- results in the repetition of a genetic segment.
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genetic information
After meiosis I in females, one cell receives half the \________ and the majority of the cytoplasm of the parent cell.
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genetic input
The phenotype is a "mixture "of both of the parents \________.
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Mendel
\________ used plant experiments to test this hypothesis and developed his two fundamental theories: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
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F2
\________: the second generation of offspring, or the second "filial "generation in a genetic cross.
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Deletion
\________- occurs when a piece of the chromosome is lost in the developmental process.
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F1
\________: the first generation of offspring, or the first "filial "generation in a genetic cross.
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia a cancer
\________ affecting white blood cell precursor cells.
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DNA
Non- nuclear inheritance, in which offspring get \________ only from the male or female parent, does not follow the Mendelian pattern of inheritance.
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Eg
\________: Mendels peas- round or wrinkled, green or yellow, purple flower or white flower.
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Meiosis
\________ consists of a single synthesis period during which the DNA is replicated, followed by two acts of cell division.
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Turner syndrome
\________ (XO)- sterile females who possess sex organs that fail to mature at puberty.
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Gregor Mendel
\________- spent many years working with peas.
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P1
\________: the parent generation in a genetic cross.
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Nondisjunction
\________: the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring.
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Patau syndrome
\________- causes serious brain and circulatory defects; trisomy 13.
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Dihybrid
\________ cross- the crossing of two different hybrid characters (BbRr × BbRr)
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Telophase II
\________- The nuclei and the nucleoli for the newly split cells return.
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excess cytoplasm
The \________ is required for proper growth of the embryo after fertilization.
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Gregor Mendels work
\________- not able to account for many patterns of inheritance that occur in life (sex- linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance)
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Usage of pedigrees
\________: determine the risk of parents passing certain conditions to their offspring.
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Allele
\________: a variant of a gene for a particular character.
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Phenotype
\________: the physical expression of the trait associated with a particular genotype.
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Phenotype of an organism
\________- can be determined from simple observation.
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fruit flies
The \________ had four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair.
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monohybrid cross
A(n) \________ between heterozygous gametes gives a 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.
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