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ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION 1
takes place when populations are physically or geographically isolated
scientists recognise this as the main evolutionary process
important is history of evolution, as great land masses moved and separated
physical isolation of populations still happens now bc of natural changes
ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION 2
some changes that result in allopatric speciation are bc of human interventions (e.g. dams, roads, cities)
ENDEMIC- when species evolves from geographical isolation and is found in only 1 place (Madagascar)
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
often linked to allopatric speciation
takes place when 1 species evolves rapidly to form a no. of diff species, which all fill diff ecological niches
e.g. Darwin’s finches
DARWIN’S FINCHES
adaptive radiation
the og finch species on the islands evolved rapidly into many diff species that each occupied a diff feeding niche
natural selection
og finch species will have shown genetic variation due to mutations- diffs between individual meant they favoured diff niches
evolving rapidly into diff species occupying diff niches avoid competition for food