apes unit 0/1

anthropocene epoch

most recent geological time period caused by changes on earth due to human activity

malthusian theory

population growth overcomes growth of food

ehlrich

impact on the environment depends on population, affluence, and tech

ecological footprint

environemntal impact of an individual or population in terms of cumulative amt of bioloigically productive land and water requried to make a product

tragedy of the commons

a resource shared by many people is unregulated and exploited leading to depletion/damage

triple bottom line

economic, social, and environmental balanced goals

sustainiability

living within the planets means for the future generations

sustainable development

pursuing environemntal, economic, and social goals in a coordinated way

ecosystem services

free things provided by nature (water purification, nutrient cycling, pollination, etc,)

AFFluenca

over consumption and materialism of goods failing to bring happiness furthering cycle

environmental justice

moral sense of fairness to expand society's domain of ethical concerns for all people in terms of their treatment and treatment of their environment

earths crust

organic, basalt-rich, 7-miles from surfance, ocean basins, more dense compared to other (oceanic)

granite, 20-30 miles, denser w depth, rocks (continenetal)

lithosphere

upper crust + solid upper mantle

asthenosphere

viscous upper mantle and semi-molten rock

mantle

iron, magnesium, aluminium, and silicon-oxygen compounds

core

nickel and iron, inner solid, outer liquid

alfred wegener

invented pangea theory (lithosphere divided into plates constantly moving that once were one continenet)

transform plate boundaries

plates slide past each other, making earthquakes along faults

divergent plate boundary

2 plates slide apart from each other, making new crust

seafloor spreading

divergent boundaries in whcih rising magma makes new oceanic crust on seafloor

convergent boundaries

2 plates slide toward eachother

oceanic/oceanic convergent

form island arcs (JPN)

continent/continent convergent

mountain range (himilaya)

oceanic/continent convergent

cascade mtn or volcanoes

subduction zone

denser plate goes below the other into the mantle releasing magma when volcanoes erupt

igneus rock

extrusive (solidify below surface) vs intrusive (solidify above surface) high silica content

metamorhphic

high quartz content w sandy soil

sedimentary

piling and cementing various materials (fossils)

difference between island chains vs arcs

chains = middle of a plate

arcs = along a boundary

splash erosion

least intense water marks

sheet erosion

thin layers run off by water uniformly as a sheet (lvl 2 erosion)

rill erosion

water runoff making thin channels (lvl 3)

gully erosion

large channels carved out by running water (max intensity)

what causes seasons

tilt of earth from sun NOT DISTANCE

latitude vs longitude

lat = East to west

long = North to south

insolation

amt of solar radiation in an area (more=tilted toward sun)

albedo

how much solar energy surface REFLECTS! (white reflects black absorbs)