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5 canons of rhetoric
Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery
Audience Disposition
knowledge and opinions listeners have before they hear you speak
Kolb’s Learning Cycle
Four stages: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization, Active Experimentation (feeling, watching, thinking, doing)
Audience Adaptation
Tailor speech delivery to satisfy needs, interests, and expectations of listeners
Hearing
Physiological process, sense to perceive sound
Listening
Cognitive process, 1st step to paying attention
Passive Listening
Habitual and unconscious process of receiving
Active Listening
Deliberate and conscious process of evaluating
Exigence
Perceived realistic need that a speech helps to address (goal/purpose)
Logos
Logically organize your speaking points (outline)
Pathos
Create empathy, emotional connection with audience (vivid)
Ethos
Be ethical, defines character/credibility (appearance)
Intrapersonal Communication
Self talk
Interpersonal Communication
2 people
2 types of discrimination
Marginalize and Stereotype
Marginalize
Keep someone in a powerless or unimportant position within group or society
Stereotype
Unfairly believe that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same
Subject
Broad area of interest in a rhetorical situation
Topic
Narrows down subject to meet a specific speech goal
Rapport
A sincere connection characterized by mutual respect and understanding that makes it easy to communicate with others
Types of research
Primary and Secondary
Primary research
Creating data directly from the real world about a topic (I.e. surveys, interviews)
Secondary Research
Gathering data discovered by other people about a topic (I.e. news, books)
Oral footnote
Vocal reference (aloud) to a credible source
Organizational patterns for speech
Time order, narrative order, topic order, logical reason order
Types of transitions
Signposts and Section Transitions
Signposts
Word or phrase that moves one speaking point to another
Section Transitions
Sentence that refers back to the respective topic or main point that it is addressing
