Oral Communications Midterm Set

5 canons of rhetoric

Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery

Audience Disposition

knowledge and opinions listeners have before they hear you speak

Kolb’s Learning Cycle

• Four stages: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization, Active Experimentation (feeling, watching, thinking, doing)

Audience Adaptation

Tailor speech delivery to satisfy needs, interests, and expectations of listeners

Hearing

Physiological process, sense to perceive sound

Listening

Cognitive process, 1st step to paying attention

Passive Listening

Habitual and unconscious process of receiving

Active Listening

Deliberate and conscious process of evaluating

Exigence

Perceived realistic need that a speech helps to address (goal/purpose)

Logos

Logically organize your speaking points (outline)

Pathos

Create empathy, emotional connection with audience (vivid)

Ethos

Be ethical, defines character/credibility (appearance)

Intrapersonal Communication

Self talk

Interpersonal Communication

2 people

2 types of discrimination

Marginalize and Stereotype

Marginalize

Keep someone in a powerless or unimportant position within group or society

Stereotype

Unfairly believe that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same

Subject

Broad area of interest in a rhetorical situation

Topic

Narrows down subject to meet a specific speech goal

Rapport

A sincere connection characterized by mutual respect and understanding that makes it easy to communicate with others

Types of research

Primary and Secondary

Primary research

Creating data directly from the real world about a topic (I.e. surveys, interviews)

Secondary Research

Gathering data discovered by other people about a topic (I.e. news, books)

Oral footnote

Vocal reference (aloud) to a credible source

Organizational patterns for speech

Time order, narrative order, topic order, logical reason order

Types of transitions

Signposts and Section Transitions

Signposts

Word or phrase that moves one speaking point to another

Section Transitions

Sentence that refers back to the respective topic or main point that it is addressing