pharm exam 3 meds

What infection is Pentamidine primarily used to prevent?

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)

What is the route and frequency for Pentamidine administration?

Inhalation every 4 weeks

Which precaution must be taken when administering Pentamidine?

Give in a negative-pressure room

What is the mechanism of action of Pentamidine?

Blocks RNA & DNA synthesis, interferes with cell energy production

What is a common side effect of Pentamidine?

Cough, shortness of breath, bronchospasm

Ribavirin is contraindicated in

Pregnant women

What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?

Inhibits replication of DNA and RNA viruses

What is Ribavirin primarily used to treat?

Severe RSV infections in infants or life-threatening viral infections

What is a serious consideration when using Ribavirin?

Hazardous to pregnant staff; use in isolated/ventilated settings

What is a common side effect of Ribavirin?

Eye or skin irritation, rash, bronchospasm

Tobramycin belongs to what drug class?

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

What infection is Tobramycin commonly used for?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (CF)

What is the mechanism of action of Tobramycin?

Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit to block protein synthesis

What is a common side effect of Tobramycin?

Voice alteration, tinnitus, cough, bronchospasm

What is a key consideration for Tobramycin administration?

Do not mix with other nebulized drugs; may affect hearing

Aztreonam's mechanism of action is

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis causing cell death

Aztreonam is classified as a

Monobactam antibiotic

What infection does Aztreonam treat when inhaled?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in CF

Which statement is TRUE about Aztreonam?

Used in isolated or ventilated settings; hazardous for pregnant staff

What side effect do Pentamidine, Tobramycin, and Aztreonam share?

Bronchospasm

Zanamivir (Relenza) is used to treat what condition?

Influenza A & B

What is the mechanism of action of Zanamivir?

Inhibits release of influenza virus from infected cells

Which patient should NOT receive Zanamivir?

Patient allergic to milk proteins or with asthma/COPD

What is the correct dosing schedule for Zanamivir?

2 inhalations twice daily for 5 days

What is a major side effect of Zanamivir?

Bronchospasm

Palivizumab (Synagis) is used for

Preventing RSV infection in high-risk infants and young children

Palivizumab is classified as a

Monoclonal antibody

How often is Palivizumab administered during RSV season?

Once every 4 weeks (monthly)

Which statement about Palivizumab is TRUE?

Used for prevention only; refrigerate and monitor for anaphylaxis

What is a common side effect of Palivizumab?

Injection site reaction, fever, mild rash

Raxibacumab (ABthrax) is used for

Treatment or prevention of inhalation anthrax (with antibiotics)

What is the mechanism of action of Raxibacumab?

Binds to anthrax protective antigen to block toxin entry into cells

Raxibacumab is classified as what type of medication?

Monoclonal antibody

How is Raxibacumab administered?

IV infusion over 2 hours

What is an important consideration when giving Raxibacumab?

Must be given with antibiotics and patient monitored during infusion