ANATOMY TEST

Matrix

The non-living material between cells in connective tissue, containing fibers and ground substance

Histology

The study of tissues

Tissue

A group of similar cells performing a common function

Plasma

The liquid portion of blood

Chondroblasts

Immature cartilage cells that produce matrix

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells that maintain matrix

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete matrix

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain matrix

Motor neuron

Nerve cell that carries impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

Neuroglial cells

Supportive cells of the nervous system that do not transmit impulses

Body tissues

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Vascular/avascular

Connective tissues generally vascular, epithelial is avascular

Lifespan of neurons

Typically very long, most last a lifetime

Fibers in blood matrix

None (plasma is fluid, not fibrous)

Blood difference

Liquid matrix (plasma) allows transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes

Cell

Basic unit of life

Tissue

Group of similar cells

Organ

Structure made of multiple tissue types

Organ system

Group of organs working together

Organism

Complete living individual

Location/function (Epithelial)

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands; functions include protection, absorption, secretion, filtration

Apical vs basal surfaces (Epithelial)

Apical faces lumen or outside; basal attaches to basement membrane

Simple squamous (Epithelial)

flat, thin, for diffusion

Simple cuboidal (Epithelial)

cube-shaped, for secretion/absorption

Simple columnar (Epithelial)

tall, for absorption/secretion

Stratified squamous (Epithelial)

multiple layers, protects against abrasion

Stratified cuboidal (Epithelial)

rare, ducts of glands

Stratified columnar (Epithelial)

rare, protection/secretion

Pseudostratified columnar (Epithelial)

single layer, appears layered, often ciliated

Transitional (Epithelial)

stretches, found in urinary bladder

Functions (CT)

Support, protection, binding, transport

Matrix ingredients (CT)

Fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), ground substance, cells

Loose CT types

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Dense CT types

Regular, Irregular, Elastic

Cartilage matrix (CT)

Firm, flexible, chondrocytes in lacunae, avascular

Bone function (CT)

Support, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation

Red blood cells (CT)

carry oxygen

White blood cells (CT)

fight infection

Platelets (CT)

clotting

Plasma (CT)

transport nutrients/waste

Skeletal (M Location)

attached to bones

Cardiac (M Location)

heart

Smooth (M Location)

walls of hollow organs

Skeletal (M Characteristics)

striated, multinucleated, long cylindrical, voluntary

Cardiac (M characteristics)

striated, one or two nuclei, branching, involuntary

Smooth (M characteristics)

non-striated, one nucleus, spindle-shaped, involuntary

Reticular (CT)

Forms network to support organs (lymph nodes, spleen)

Irregular

Dense CT with fibers in multiple directions (dermis)

Elastic

Dense CT with elastic fibers for stretch (walls of arteries)

Adipose (CT)

Fat storage, insulation, protection

Areolar

Loose CT, binds organs, cushions, holds fluids

Regular (CT)

Dense CT, fibers aligned for strength (tendons, ligaments)

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells in lacunae

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells

Osteons

Structural units of compact bone

Central canal

Contains blood vessels and nerves in bone

Lamellae

Concentric rings of bone matrix in osteons

Compact bone

Dense, solid bone

Spongy bone

Light, porous bone, contains red marrow

Hyaline cartilage

Flexible, supports, reduces friction (trachea, nose, ends of bones)

Elastic cartilage

Flexible, maintains shape (ear, epiglottis)

Fibrocartilage

Strong, shock-absorbing (intervertebral discs, knee)