7. Acid-Base Titrations

volumetric flask

used for making up solutions to a precise volume, rinse with deionised water, add last drops with dropper, invert 20 times

pipette

used for measuring precise volumes, rinse with deionised water and solution, draw above graduation mark then let drain into waste beaker, touch tip to side of conical flask, allow drainage time, do not blow out last drop

pipette filler

used to draw liquid into pipette, safer and more hygienic than sucking up liquid

conical flask

designed for swirling liquids without splashing, allows easy washing down, rinse with deionised water only

burette

used for dispensing liquids especially during titrations, rinse with deionised water and solution by twirling over sink, use funnel to fill above 0 mark, open tap to fill jet and drain until meniscus rests on 0 mark, ensure no bubbles

wash bottle

used to rinse equipment before titration and conical flask during titration, filled with deionised water

clock glass

used for measuring small amounts of anhydrous substances

glass rod

used to stir solutions to ensure a uniform solution

titration experiments

Na2CO3 vs HCl, HCl vs NaOH, NaOH vs CH3COOH, HCL vs hydrated Na2CO3

titration accuracy

swirl conical flask continuously, use wash bottle to wash down drops of acid into conical flask, use a white tile to detect colour change, clamp burette vertically to ensure accurate reading, add solution dropwise as end point approaches, read measurements at eye level

titration calculations

draw rough sketch and known info, start with solution you know most about, use balanced equation to find moles of other solution, use step 2 answer and volume to find molarity of other solution, answer any other questions

ethanoic acid tritration calculation

multiply diluted vinegar by dilution factor

washing soda titration calculation

find grams of Na2CO3 in solution, take away from total grams to find grams of water, convert to moles, find ratio by dividing by smallest number