B4.2 Ecological Niches

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20 Terms

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Obligate aerobes

Cannot function without continuous oxygen (e.g,: all plants and animals)

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Obligate anaerobes

Killed by oxygen (e.g: tetanus bacteria)

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Facultative anaerobes

Can respire aerobically or anaerobically (e.g: yeast, E-coli)

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Stages in holozoic nutrition

  • Ingestion →Taking food into gut

  • Digestion →Breaking large food molecules into smaller molecules

  • Absorption → Transport of digested food across the plasma membrane

  • Assimilation →Using digested foods to synthesis proteins and other macromolecules

  • Egestion →Voiding undigested material from the end of the gut

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Autotrophs

Make their own carbon compounds

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Transpiration

Evaporation of carbon dioxide from stomata of leaves

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Stomata

Pores in leaves that open and close for gas exchange to happen

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Heterotrophs

Obtain energy from other organisms

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Obligate Mixotrophs

Must use both auto and heterotrophic nutrition

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Mixotrophic nutrition vs Holozoic nutrition

Mixotrophic Nutrition

Holozoic Nutrition

Are autotrophic and heterotrophic

Form of heterotrophic nutrition

Can use whichever nutrient

Involves ingesting of an organism

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Saprotrophs

Secrete digestive enzymes into dead organisms and digest it externally

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3 domains of life

  • Archaea

  • Bacteria

  • Eukaryotes

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Functions of teeth

  • Incisors → Biting chunks

  • Canines → Ripping or tearing

  • Premolars → Slicing or crushing

  • Molars → Grinding

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Folivore

Organisms that mostly eat leaves

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Frugivore

Organisms that mostly eat fruit

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How do giraffes adapt to eating plants

  • Specialised teeth

  • Long necks

  • Specialised digestive system

  • Tough tongue

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Categories of adaptations

  • Structural

  • Chemical

  • Behavioural

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Epiphytes

Plants that grow around other plants for support

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Range of tolerance

Environmental conditions tolerable for survival

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Ecological theory

Every species must have a realised niche that differs from the realised niches of all other species if it is to survive in an ecosystem