Musculoskeletal System: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

The skeletal system consists of ___ bones.

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The skeletal system produces ___ and stores ___, ____, and ___, are skeletal organs.

Blood cells, minerals, joints

Each bone is a body organ with a ___, ___. and ____.

blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Bones are also called ___ tissue.

osseous

Bones are one of the ___ materials in the body.

Hardest

Bones are formed by the gradual process of ___.

ossification

The fetal skeleton is made of ____.

cartilage

Within the fetal skeletal the cartilage is replaced by ___ that mature into ___.

osteoblasts, osteocyte

Bones undergo a gradual replacement process called ___.

remodeling

Old bone is broken down by ___.

osteoclasts

In adults, bones completely replace themselves every ___.

10

Example of Long Bones

Longer than wide

• Femur

• Humerus

Example of Short Bones

Roughly as long as wide

• Carpals

• Tarsals

Example of Flat Bones

Plate-shaped

• Sternum

• Scapula

• Pelvis

Example of Irregular Bones

Shaped very irregular

• Vertebrae

The majority of bones are ____.

long

Long bones have 2 parts:

1. Diaphysis: Central shaft - contains the medullary cavity

2. Epiphysis: the wide portion at either end of the bone
   - Articular cartilage covers the epiphysis
   -Periosteum covers the rest of the bone

The hard exterior of the bone is called ____. It is found in ____.

Compact, cortical

Cancellous or spongy bone is found ____ the bone.

It has space containing ____.

It is found in ____.

Inside
red bone marrow
all bones

Head

Large smooth ball shaped end of a long bone

Condyle

Smooth rounded portion at end of bone

Epicondyle

Projection above or on a condyle

Trochanter

Large rough process

Tubercle

Small rough process

Tuberosity

Large rough process

Sinus

Hollow cavity within bone

Foramen

Smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels

Fossa

Shallow cavity or depression within a bone

Fissure

A slit like opening

Axial skeleton contains the bones of the head, ___, spine, chest, and ____.

Neck, trunk

Appendicular skeleton contains the ___, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and ____.

Pectoral girdle, lower extremities

The head or skull is divided into 2 parts:

1. Cranium

2. Facial bones

The skull protects the ___________________________________.

Brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

The cranium provides the attachment for chewing and ___.

head muscles

The cranium encases the brain and consists of the following bones:

Frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, and occipital.

Frontal

Forms the forehead

Parietal

2 parietal bones - forms the upper sides and roof of the skull

Temporal

2 temporal bones - forms the sides and base of the skull

Ethmoid

Forms the eye orbit, nose, and part of the floor of the skull

Occipital

Forms the back of the skull and part of the base of the skull

Facial bones include:

Mandible, maxilla, vomer, palatine, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimal bones.

Mandible

Moveable lower jaw

Maxilla

Fixed upper jaw

Zygomatic

2 Zygomatic bones - they are the cheeks

Vomer

Part of the nasal septum

Palatine

The roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity

2 Nasal bones

Forms the nasal septum and bridge of nose

2 Lacrimal bones

Inner corners of the eye

Hyoid bone - a single ____.

Found in the neck between the ___ and the ____.

Provides a point of attachment for ___ and ____.

U-shaped bone
mandible and larynx
swallowing and speech muscles

The trunk is inferior to the hyoid and consists of the ____, ____ and ____.

vertebral column, sternum, and rib cage

Vertebral column is divided into 5 sections:

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx.

Cervical Vertebrae

In the neck region; numbered C1 through C7

Thoracic Vertebrae

In the chest region; numbered T1 through T12

Lumbar Vertebrae

In the small of the back; numbered L1 though L5

Sacrum

At the base of the vertebral column

Coccyx

Three to five vertebrae attached to the sacrum

Ribs - 12 pair that attach to the vertebral column.

The first ___ attach to the sternum in the ___ and are known as ___.

The inferior ___ do not attach to the sternum and are called ____.

10 pairs of ribs, front, true ribs.
2 pairs of ribs, floating ribs

The ___ attaches the upper extremities to the axial skeleton.

It articulates with the ___ and the ___.

It consists of the ___ and the ____.

Pectoral

sternum, vertebral column

clavicle, scapula

The upper extremity is the ___.

It consists of the ____.

arm

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

The pelvic girdle is called the ___, the innominate bone or the ___.

It attaches the lower extremity to the ___.

It articulates with the ___ posteriorly.

It consists of the ___, ___, and the ____.

os coxae, hipbone

axial skeleton

sacrum

ilium, the ischium, pubis

The lower extremity is the ___ consisting of the:
____, patella or kneecap, ___, ___, tarsals or ankle bones, ___, and ___

leg

Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, phalanges

Joints are formed where ____ and also called an ___

two bones meet, articulation

3 types of joints are based on the movement allowed:

1. Synovial Joints

2. Cartilaginous Joints

3. Fibrous Joints

Synovial Joints

Freely moving joints

• most common type of joint

• example is a ball and socket

More on Synovial Joints

• contain a capsule lined with lubricant secreting ___

  • common in the ___

Synovial membrane
Elbow, knee, shoulder joints

Cartilaginous joints

Allows for slight movement

• joined by thick fibrous tissue that can fuse into bone

• example is the pubic symphysis (allows the pelvis to widen during childbirth)

Fibrous Joints

Allows almost no movement

• joined by thick fibrous tissue that can fuse into bone

• example is the sutures of the skull

Arthr/o

Joint

Chondr/o

Cartilage

Kyph/o

Hump

Lord/o

Bent backward

Oste/o

Bone

Scoli/o

Crooked

Synov/o

Synovial membrane

-algia

pain

-centesis

Puncture to withdraw fluid

-clasia

Surgically break

-ectomy

Surgical removal

-gram

Record

-itis

Inflammation

-logy

Study

-oma

Tumor

-otomy

Cutting into

-scopy

process of visual examining

-tome

Instrument used to cut

A-

Without

Inter-

Between

Intra-

Within

Cranial

Pertaining to the skull

Mandibular

Pertaining to the mandible (lower jaw)

Metacarpal

Pertaining to the metacarpus (hand)

Phalangeal

Pertaining to phalanges (fingers/toes)

Scapular

Pertaining to the scapula (shoulder blade)

Vertebral

Pertaining to a vertebra

What are all of the Medical Specialties and Conditions?

1. Orthotics

2. Arthralgia

3. Chondromalacia

4. Crepitation

Orthotics (Medical Specialty)

Healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints. Person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist.

Arthralgia (Condition)

Join pain

Chondromalacia (Condition)

Softening of the cartilage

Crepitation (Condition)

Noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together

What are all of the fractures?

1. Closed

2. Comminuted

3. Compression

4. Greenstick

5. Impacted

6. Oblique

7. Pathologic

8. Spiral

9. Stress

10. Transverse