Chapter 1 Review-Shawn Hong

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 21 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/70

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Review Flashcards for chapter 1 test-Med Bio

Biology

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

71 Terms

1
New cards

Technology

Application of scienfitif knowledge for practical purposes.

2
New cards

Benefits

Favorable effects of the solution

3
New cards

Costs/Risks

unfavorable effects of the solution

4
New cards

Research and Development

Scientists ask questions to learn about a phenomenon, and engineers design solutions to problems related to that phenomenon.

5
New cards

Engineering design process

An iterative method used to develop or improve technology.

6
New cards

Iterative

Repeating steps that are not always in a fixed order.

7
New cards

Criteria

A standard on which a solution can be based. (Wants)

8
New cards

Constraints

Limitations that a design or solution must stay within.

9
New cards

Tradeoff

Exchange for one thing in return for another.

10
New cards

Decision Matrix

A table that lists each criterion, their weight (importance), and how well a design idea meets that criteria.

11
New cards

Prototype

The first build of a design and may not built to scale or with the final materials.

12
New cards

Life cycle analysis

Attempts to evaluate the real cost of a new technology or design. Also considers environmental impact

13
New cards

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Method of identifying the strengths and weakness of a design.

14
New cards

Disturbance

Refers to anything that cause change to the environment. (Physical, chemical, biological agents)

15
New cards

Natural Disturbance

Disturbances caused by nature (fires, natural disasters).

16
New cards

Human-Caused disturbance

disturbances caused by humans (pollution, clearing forests, capturing wildlife.)

17
New cards

Flux

fluctuation; changes up and down.

18
New cards

Viability

Livability or survivability in an ecosystem

19
New cards

Resilience

The ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance

20
New cards

Genetic Diversity

how much variation in DNA is among a group of species.

21
New cards

Resistance

The ability of an ecosystem to resit change caused by disturbances.

22
New cards

Ecological succession

A series of biotic changes that occurs on bare land to create a community.

23
New cards

Primary succession

When an ecosystem is created from bare rock.

24
New cards

Secondary Succession

When a ecosystem is developed on bare soil.

25
New cards

Population Density

How many individuals living in a given space.

26
New cards

Density

How much matter in a given space

27
New cards

Population Density formula

# of individuals/area of land (unit²)

28
New cards

Population Dispersion

how organisms separate themselves

29
New cards

Clumped Dispersion

A pattern of population dispersion that occurs where resources are spread unevenly (protection from predators+helps find mate)

30
New cards

Uniform Dispersion

A pattern of population dispersion that occurs when individuals compete for limited resources/territory

31
New cards

Random Dispersion

A pattern of population dispersion that is least common where individuals are spread randomly (plant seeds scattered by wind, water, animals)

32
New cards

Mark and Recapture

A method of measuring population size where you tag animals in an ecosystem and recapture them later to gather data

33
New cards

Quadrat Sampling

Uses grids to measure the population size in a given quadrant of land to serve as a sample which we can base off our calculation of the total population size

34
New cards

Exponential Growth

Rapid growth that increases between each interval (when ecosystem has plenty of resources)

35
New cards

Logistic growth

A period of rapid growth but eventually levels off. (when populations are running low on resources.)

36
New cards

Carrying Capacity

Maximum number of individuals that the environment can sustain and support.

37
New cards

Limiting Factors

Factors that can affect the carrying capacity.

38
New cards

Density-Dependent limiting factors

factors related to the population that effect carrying capacity (competition, predation, parasitism and disease).

39
New cards

Density-Independent limiting factors

Limiting factors outside of the population that effect carrying capacity (weather, natural disasters, human activities).

40
New cards

Systems

A set of interacting components or parts

41
New cards

Inputs

What goes into a system (energy, matter, information)

42
New cards

Outputs

What goes out of a system (energy, matter, information)

43
New cards

Opened system

Both inputs and outputs flow in and out freely (energy, matter, information)

44
New cards

Closed system

The flow of input and output is limited (only energy and information)

45
New cards

Isolated system

Inputs and outputs are contained

46
New cards

Feedback

A response from controls of a system to trigger the cycling of inputs and outputs.

47
New cards

Feedback Loop

Feedback becomes an input, which results in an output, and becomes a new input, and the cycle repeats.

48
New cards

Emergent Property

A property that a system has but that its component pasts do not have (big picture)

49
New cards

Geosphere

Part of the Earth that is ground/rock

50
New cards

Hydrosphere

Part of the Earth that is water

51
New cards

Biosphere

Part of the Earth that is living

52
New cards

Atmosphere

Part of the Earth that is air

53
New cards

Anthrosphere

Part of the Earth that is human-made

54
New cards

Levels of Ecosystems (small to big)

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.

55
New cards

Terrestrial

Land based ecosystem

56
New cards

Aquatic

Water Based ecosystem (marine and freshwater)

57
New cards

Characteristics of living things

  1. made of one or more cells

  2. grow

  3. reproduce

  4. evolve

  5. respond to environmental changes

  6. maintain homeostasis

58
New cards

Homeostasis

Stable internal conditions

59
New cards

Habitat

Where the organism lives

60
New cards

Ecological Niche

How the organism lives in the environment (Food sources, Abiotic Factors, Behaviors)

61
New cards

Ecosystem

Collection of habitats

62
New cards

Predation

When one organism captures and eats another oganism

63
New cards

Competition

When organism compete for limited resources (food shelter, water)

64
New cards

Symbiosis

Relationships between different organisms

65
New cards

Mutualism (Symbiosis)

Both species benefit

66
New cards

Commensalism

One benefit and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

67
New cards

Parasitism

One benefits and the other is harmed

68
New cards

Biodiversity

The measure of the number of different species found in an area.

69
New cards

Biodiversity Hotspot

An area with high levels of biodiversity

70
New cards

Key Stone species

A single species of individuals that has a strong effect on an entire ecosystem.

71
New cards

Human activities that Affect Biodiversity

  1. Clearing land

  2. Growing food

  3. building roads

  4. pesticides

  5. Introduction of new plants and animals