Veterinary Antibiotics and Hormones: Uses, Administration, and Conditions

What is Nuflor used to treat?

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. As well as treating foot rot, pneumonia, and metritis

What did we use Nuflor to treat in class?

When ear tagging and docking the lambs tails because those were areas that could allow bacteria to enter. So it was used as a prophylaxis treatment.

What is Nuflor used to treat in swine?

Swine respiratory disease (SRD) associated with several bacteria including Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Bordetella bronchiseptica

What is a characteristic of Nuflor as an antibiotic?

It is one of the best all-around antibiotics and is long-acting

How is Nuflor administered?

IM injection

What diseases does Excede treat in swine?

Swine respiratory disease (SRD) associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, and Streptococcus suis

What additional conditions does Excede treat in swine?

Erysipelas, atrophic rhinitis, and pneumonia associated with SRD

What conditions does Excede treat in cattle and horses?

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), shipping fever, pneumonia, and foot rot

How is Excede administered in pigs?

Intramuscularly (IM)

How is Excede administered in cattle and horses?

Subcutaneously (SQ)

What conditions do antibiotics like Tylan 200 treat in cattle?

Liver abscesses, pneumonia, foot rot, diphtheria, and metritis

What conditions do antibiotics like Tylan 200 treat in swine?

Arthritis, pneumonia, erysipelas, and dysentery

What is diphtheria?

A bacterial infection affecting the upper respiratory tract

What is dysentery?

A gastrointestinal disease caused by bacteria or parasites, leading to bloody diarrhea

How is Tylan 200 administered?

IM injection

What is the active ingredient in LA, Noromycin 300 LA, and Duramycin 72-200?

Oxytetracycline

What does LA stand for in the context of antibiotics?

Long acting (2-3 days)

What type of infections can broad-spectrum antibiotics like Oxytetracycline be used for?

Bacterial-derived infections, including pinkeye, BRD, ORD, SRD, anaplasmosis, pneumonia, leptospirosis, chlamydia, mastitis, metritis, erysipelas, and foot rot.

How is Oxytetracycline administered?

IM (intramuscular) or SQ (subcutaneous) injection.

What is a potential side effect of injecting Oxytetracycline?

It can cause tissue damage at the injection site.

Why has the use of Oxytetracycline as prophylaxis become problematic?

Increased bacterial resistance has made it less effective at times.

What is the active ingredient in Pen-Aqueous, PenOne Pro, Bactracillin G, and Norocillin?

Penicillin G procaine

What is procaine used for in the context of these medications?

Procaine is a local anesthetic.

What type of infections can broad-spectrum antibiotics like Pen-Aqueous, PenOne Pro, Bactracillin G, and Norocillin be used for?

Many gram-positive bacterial-derived infections, such as those from the colostridial family (Tetanus, enterotoxemia, blackleg, hepatic necrosis, gangrene), as well as pneumonia caused by BRD, mastitis, erysipelas, leptospirosis, metritis, open wounds (to prevent infection), and foot rot.

What is Pen-Aqueous, PenOne Pro, Bactracillin G, and Norocillin not effective against?

Mycoplasma, E. coli, and Salmonella.

What are the routes of administration for these antibiotics?

IM (intramuscular) or SQ (subcutaneous) injection.

What is SpectoGard Scour-Chek?

An antibiotic used in piglets under four weeks of age.

What condition does SpectoGard Scour-Chek treat and control?

Porcine enteric colibacillosis (scours) caused by E. coli.

How is SpectoGard Scour-Chek administered?

As an oral solution given using a syringe.

What is the purpose of antibiotics like GentaVed 100?

To prevent bacterial infections that cause metritis

What route is GentaVed 100 given and how?

Use as a diluted solution by mixing with saline solution, and use a syringe to put directly into the vagina to the uterus/reproductive tract.

What is metritis?

Inflammation of the uterus caused by a bacterial infection, and causes the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge thats yellow of brownish-red.

What is the purpose of ToMORROW?

To prevent mastitis in sheep, goats, and cattle

What is the purpose of Today?

To treat mastitis in sheep, goats, and cattle

What is mastitis?

Inflammation caused by a bacterial infection in the mammary tissue

How should ToDAY and Tomorrow be administered?

Inserted directly into the teat of the animal

Albon

Antimicrobial used to treat shipping fever complex and bacterial pneumonia associated with Pasteurella spp. as well as calf diphtheria and foot rot

Diphtheria

Bacterial infection affecting the upper respiratory tract.

How is Albon given?

Bolus (A large pill), given orally with a bolus gun

Dexamethasone what is it and what can it treat?

Steroid hormone (corticosteroid) used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis (joint problems),acute mastitis, shipping fever, and pneumonia.

What does dexamethasone cause in pregnant sheep, goats, cattle, and swine? Why?

Can be used to induce parturition in sheep, goats, cattle, & swine. It mimics the natural cortisol release by the mother and fetus to induce labor.

When is cortisol naturally released? What is it?

A stress hormone that increases when the fetus is too large for the uterine environment, leading to parturition.

How is dexamethosone administered?

IV or IM

Oxytocin

Hormone used to cause muscle contractions. So it can cause uterine contractions to treat a retained placenta, mammary tissue contrations to help with milk let-down, cause contractions to help with parturition.

How is oxytocin given?

IV, IM, or SQ

Fertagyl

Synthetic hormone (GnRH; gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is used for the treatment of cystic ovaries because it causes ovulation, also to synchronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time AI.

How is Fertagyl given?

IV or IM

What is cystorelin?

Synthetic hormone (GnRH; gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is used for the treatment of cystic ovaries because it causes ovulation, also to synchronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time AI.

Cystorelin route of injection?

IM

Estrumate or lutalyse:

used to synchronize estrous, cause parturition, treat retained placentas, or cause abortions.

How does estrumate or lutalyse cause abortions?

It contains PGF2a which lysis (destroys) the Corpus Luteum, which is needed to produce progesterone to maintain pregnancy

How is estrumate and lutalyse administered?

IM

BO-SE

Active ingredient- Selenium and Vitamin E, used to prevent white muscle disease in sheep, goats, cattle, and swine.

How is BO-SE administered

IM or SQ

White muscle disease

Also known as selenium-tocopherol deficiency, characterized by stiffness, lameness, not able to walk, pulmonary distress and/or cardiac arrest

GleptoForte

Contains the active ingredient- gleptoferron, which is a highly absorbable iron, used in swine to prevent anemia due to low storage levels of iron, low levels or iron in milk, or even rapid growth

What does anemia cause?

causes ill thrift (wasting) in piglets, pale, fluid around throat, brisket, and internal body spaces, and scours

How is GleptoForte given?

IM

Super B complex

Contains Thiamine Hydrochloride (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacinamide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (B6), d-Panthenol, and Cyanocobalamin (B12).

What does SuperB Complex supplement for?

vitamin B deficiencies which cause: Poor growth, poor appetite, and poor coat conditions, Anemia - low RBC production can cause weakness and lethargy, Neurological symptoms (low B1; thiamine) such as staggering, circling, head pressing, or convulsions

How is SuperB complex given?

IV or SQ

Thiamine Hydrochloride

used to prevent thiamine deficiency which can cause polioencephalomalacia (PEM).

PEM signs

Include muscle twitching, head pressing, seizures, paddling (legs thrashing back and forth on the ground) while the head is pressed back against spine.

PEM

Can cause head tilting or star gazing as it affects the nervous system due to a nutritional deficiency of thiamine.

How is Thiamine Hydrochloride given?

IM or IV

Meloxicam

Active ingredient in a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug used to help reduce pain and inflammation. Given to goats before disbudding and band castrating to help with pain and inflammation.

How is meloxicam given?

Orally as a pill with a pill dispenser

NSAID

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce pain and inflammation.

Vetameg, or Prevail

Contains flunixin meglumin and is used as a pain reliever, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), and anti-pyretic drug (control fever associated with BRD, acute bovine mastitis, and inflammation with endotoxemia)

Whats endotoxemia

endotoxins in the blood

Pyrexia

Fever.

How is vetameg and prevail given?

IM or IV

Banamine Transdermal

The active ingredient is Flunixin, used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug to reduce pyrexia & pain in cattle caused by BRD or acute mastitis or foot rot, and also reduce inflammation

Banamine Transdermal route?

pour on

BLU-KOTE

Antiseptic, germicidal, and fungicidal product used on wounds, abrasions, and to treat ringworm, and pus-secreting sores, blisters, lesions

Scarlet oil what is it and downside?

Topical antiseptic used as an aid in the treatment of cuts, wounds, abrasions, or burns, doesn't dry

Betagen Topical Spray

Contains gentamicin (antibiotic) and betamethasone (anti-inflammatory corticosteroid) to reduce swelling, itching, redness, and itching used on dogs.

HOOF 'n HEEL

used to treat foot rot in sheep, goats, and cattle. Given on the hoof til saturated or soak the hoof, 2 times daily

Kopertox

used as a fungicide, antiseptic, and astringent to treat thrush in horses and ponies, and foot rot, cracked hooves, ringworm, and wounds

How is Koppertox used?

Apply directly to area or soak hooves for 5 min several days til healthy.

BLOOD STOP POWDER

Topical antiseptic that helps stop bleeding but cannot stop major bleeding. Put powder on the area

CORID

used to treat coccidiosis in sheep, goats, and cattle. Can be used as a prophylaxis to reduce the risk of infection during stressful events such as weaning, transportation,

What increases the susceptibility of coccidiosis

Stressors such as weaning, transportation, or overcrowding

Coccidiosis and how contracted?

A parasitic disease caused by protozoa that can lead to diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, and weight loss. From eating oocytes that come from bird poop, which can be on feed, water, or bedding

How is corrid given?

Add CORID to water and only allow animals to drink medicated water for up to 5 days

Probios

Supplement containing live microorganisms, like a probiotic, that helps maintain normal appetite, gut pH, and digestion during or after stressful events.

How is Probios given?

With a bolus gun because it is a bolus

Lidocaine

A local anesthetic that prevents pain by blocking signals at nerve endings, injected into the area that needs to be numb. SQ or IM at nerves to prevent pain in a localized area

ALUSPRAY

Aerosol bandage that forms a protective barrier over minor wounds, burns, abrasions, and cuts, spray over affected area.

IM benefits and downsides

The injection method provides faster absorption compared to SQ due to better blood supply in muscle tissue. More tissue damage

SQ (subcutaneous)

Injection method that is slower due to fewer blood vessels in fatty tissue. lower tissue damage