SEASONS TEST SCIENCE 8 FLASHCARDS

How many and what are the names of the “Half’s” of earth?

There are 4 half’s of earth. The northern hemisphere the southern hemisphere, the western hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere.

What are the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere divided by?

They are divided by the equator at 0° latitude.

What are the western hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere divided by?

They are divided by the prime Meridian longitude at 0° longitude and the anti-Meridian at 180° longitude.

Draw a diagram of what the side view and the top view of latitude lines look like.

Side View: straight lines that don’t intersect

Top View: circles coming from north pole(not intersecting)

Do latitude lines cross/intersect?

Latitude lines never cross.

Where do latitude lines “run”?

They “run” east and west.

What are they labeled in relative to what?

They are labeled in degrees north and degrees south of the equator.

Highest value of latitude

North Pole at 90° north and the south pole at 90° south.

Lowest value of latitude

The equator at 0°.

What are the reference latitudes ? Name all of them.

1. the equator

2. two the North Pole

3. number three the South Pole

4. number four the tropic of cancer

5. number five the tropic of Capricorn

6. number six the Arctic Circle,

7. #7 the Antarctic Circle.

Degrees of the equator.

0°

Name the degrees of the North Pole.

90° north

Name the degrees of the South Pole

90 degrees south

Name the degrees of the tropic of cancer.

23.5° north

Name the degrees of the tropic of Capricorn.

23.5° south

Name the degrees of the Arctic Circle.

66.5° north

Name the degrees of the Antarctic Circle.

66.5 degrees south

LAT-itude=

FLAT-iTunes

Are latitude lines parallel

Yes

Draw a diagram of what the top and side views of longtitude lines look like.

Top View: Lines coming out from the North Pole straight lines from every different direction, pizza looking

Side View: Rounded lines coming from North Pole to South Pole straight line in middle

Where do longitude lines run?

They run North and South

What are longitude lines labeled relative to what?

They are labeled in degrees E and degrees West of the Prime Meridian(0 degrees)

What is the highest value of longitude?

Anti-Meridian (180 degrees)

What is the lowest value of longitude?

Prime Meridian(0 degrees?)

Where do they start and end at?

They start and end at the North & South piles

Are longitude lines parallel?

They aren’t parallel.

Where do longitude lines meet?

They meet at the north and south poles.

LONGITUDE LINES ARE?

LONG!

What 3 latitude or longitude lines don’t need a degrees North, south, east, or west?

Equator (0 degrees)

Prime Meridian(0 degrees)

ANTIMERIDIAN(180 degrees)

What is a Earth’s revolution?

It is Earth’s 360 degrees complete orbit around the Sun.

How many days approximately does it take for Earth to revolve around the sun?

365.24 days aka 1 year

Evidence #1a: proving earth revolves

We can see stars during the night time.

Evidence #1B: proving earth revolves

We see different constellations at different times of the year.

Evidence #2: proving earth revolves

Seasons occur in a yearly cycle.

What is Earth’s rotation?

It is the spin of Earth on its axis.

What degrees is Earth’s axis tilted at with respect to what?

It is tilted at 23.5 degrees with respect to the perpendicular of the Ecliptic.

How long does one earth rotation take?

24 hours or 1 day

How does earth rotate when viewed from what?

It rotates counterclockwise when viewed From the North Pole.

Evidence #1: for Earth’s rotation

Startrails!

Startrails

• Almost all stars “appear to move at 15 degrees per hour(360 degrees/24 hours

• Except for Polaris

Polaris

North Star

How long was this picture taken for if it was 45 degrees swept out of the sky?

45/15 =3 hours

Evidence #2: proving Earth rotates

Coriolis Effect

Coriolis Effect

• Apparant deflection of objects that move within a rotating system (Earth)

• The object doesn’t actually deflect from it’s path, it appears to do so because of Earth’s rotation

How are obejcts deflected?

Objects are deflected from the direction of travel.

Where are objects in the Northern Hemisphere deflected towards?T

They are deflected to the right!

Where are objects in the Southern Hemisphere deflected towards?T

They are deflected to the left.

What are seasons caused by?

The Angle of Insolation

Insolation

incoming solar radiation

What is the highest angle of insolation?

90 degrees

High Angles of Insolation description

• High temperature

• High intensity

• During the summer

• At midday (12 pm)

• Light is concentrated on Earth’s surface

Low Angle of Insolation Description

• Low Temperature

• Low Intensity

• During the Winter/Fall

• During the sunrise/sunset

• Light is diffused on Earth’s surface

What do low and high angles have in common?

They have the same amount of energy but they cover different areas.