Quizzes/Assignments until Midterm

T/F: Most Lymphomas are B-cell lymphomas

• True

• False

True

T/F: Mantle field is the name of the traditional field for treating a Hodgkin's lymphoma above the diaphragm

• True

• False

True

Treating a mantle field and an abdominal field for HL is know as:

• Total nodal radiation

• Total body irradiation

• Subtotal nodal radiation

• Total skin electron therapy

Subtotal nodal radiation

According to the World Health Organization there are 61 types of:

• Hodgkin’s lymphomas

• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemias

• Acute Myelogenous Leukemias

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

T/F: Mycosis Fungoides is a T cell Lymphoma

• True

• False

True

What is the most common extranodal sites where you might find NHL?

• The skin

• Waldeyer’s ring

• GI tract

• Thyroid

GI tract

T/F: Reed Sternberg Cell is found in Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma:

• True

• False

False

What is the most common type of HL?

• Nodular lymphocytic predominate

• Classic

• Nodular sclerosing

• Mixed cellularity

Classic

What is the staging system associated most closely with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Ann Arbor

T/F: ABVD is the chemo regimen used to treat Hodgkin's Lymphoma:

• True

• False

True

A mantle field is used to treat which type of cancer?

• Mycosis fungoides

• Multiple myeloma

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

• Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

In what general anatomical location is Waldeyer’s ring located?

• Mouth

• Anus

• Small intestine

• Axilla

Mouth

The spleen is commonly associated with which of the following blood cell types?

• Red blood cells

• B-cell lymphocytes

• T-cell lymphocytes

• Macrophages

Red blood cells

The thymus is commonly associated with which of the following blood cell types?

• Red blood cells

• B-cell lymphocytes

• T-cell lymphocytes

• Macrophages

T-cell lymphocytes

What is the most common presenting symptom of HD?

• Painless mass

• Headache

• Persistent cough

• Dysphagia

Painless mass

Which treatment field for HD includes the inguinal lymph node chain?

• Mantle

• Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

• Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

• All of the above

Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

Which treatment field for HD includes the axillary lymph node chain?

• Mantle

• Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

• Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

• All of the above

Mantle

Which treatment field for HD includes the cervical lymph node chain?

• Mantle

• Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

• Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

• All of the above

Mantle

Which treatment field for HD includes the para-aortic lymph node chain?

• Mantle

• Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

• Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

• All of the above

Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

Which treatment field for HD includes the mediastinal lymph node chain?

• Mantle

• Inverted-Y (abdominal portion)

• Inverted-Y (pelvic portion)

• All of the above

Mantle

Which lymph node chain is more likely to be the original site of Hodgkin lymphoma?

• Pelvic

• Inguinal

• Para-aortic

• Axillary

Axillary

Which lymphoma is most common in young African males?

• T-cell lymphoma

• Burkitt lymphoma

• HD

• Follicular lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma

People with _____ tend to get Burkitt’s Lymphoma

AIDS

Which of the following organs is most closely associated with the lymphatic system?

• Heart

• Spleen

• Pancreas

• Liver

Spleen

Which of the following is not a B symptom?

• Weight loss

• Night sweats

• Fever

• Diarrhea

Diarrhea

Which pathologic type of Hodgkin lymphoma is the least common in the United States?

• Nodular sclerosing

• Mixed cellularity

• Lymphocyte depleted

• Lymphocyte rich

Lymphocyte depleted

What is the most common skin cancer?

• Basal cell carcinoma

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Melanoma

• Merkel cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

T/F: TNM is the staging system for skin cancers

• True

• False

True

Which of the following has a high rate of recurrence after surgical removal?

• BCC

• SCC

• Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma

T/F: The 2 non-staging systems that help describe skin cancer disease are Clark levels of disease invasion and Breslow's system

• True

• False

True

What condition is associated with cutaneous t-cell lymphoma

• Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Mycosis fungoides

• Merkel cell carcinoma

• Adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous glands

Mycosis fungoides

This condition resembles eczema and is often treated with total skin electron beams:

• Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Mycosis fungoides

• Merkel cell carcinoma

• Adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous glands

Mycosis fungoides

What is the name of the surgery used to remove layer after layer of squamous cell carcinoma until the margins are clear under a microscope?

Mohs

What is the NCCN margin recommendation for a BCC greater than or equal to 2 cm?

• 0.5-1 cm

• 1-1.5 cm

• 1.5-2 cm

• 2-2.5 cm

1.5-2 cm

What is the name of the condition for which the body cannot repair damage to DNA from UV light that results in freckling?

• Albinoism

• Xeroderma pigmentosum

• Melanoma

• Kaposi's sarcoma

Xeroderma pigmentosum

What is the advantage of using Cerrobend shielding as opposed to lead?

Lower melting point

What is the most significant cause of skin cancer?

• Radiation exposure

• Sun exposure

• Arsenic exposure

• Human papillomavirus

Sun exposure

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

• Basal cell carcinoma

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Melanoma

• Kaposi sarcoma

Basal cell carcinoma

What form of skin cancer has the highest mortality rate?

• Basal cell carcinoma

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Melanoma

• Kaposi sarcoma

Melanoma

What is the most widely used staging system for melanoma?

• TNM

• Breslow

• Clarke

• ATCG

Breslow

What is the technique in which the tumor is removed and examined one layer at a time?

• Curettage and electrodessication

• Mohs surgery

• Cryosurgery

• Laser surgery

Mohs surgery

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

• Hypodermis

• Dermis

• Subdermis

• Epidermis

Epidermis

What do the ABCDs of melanoma represent?

• Adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, dermatoma

• Abrasion, bruise, cut, dimpling

• Asymmetry, border, color, diameter

• Appearance, blackness, contour, depth

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter

What primary skin cancer (other than malignant melanoma) is aggressive and has a tendency to spread through the lymphatics and bloodstream?

• Adenocarcinoma

• Basal cell

• Squamous cell

• Merkel cell

Merkel cell

Which cancer is commonly associated with HIV?

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Mycosis fungoides

• Melanoma

• Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma

Which of the following factors contributes to the incidence of skin cancer?
I.   Geographic location
II.  Skin type
III. Previous skin cancers
IV. Gender

• I and II

• II and III

• I, II, and III

• I, II, III, and IV

I, II, III, and IV

What is the medical term for a mole?

• Actinic keratosis

• Nevus

• Telangiectasia

• Xeroderma pigmentosum

Nevus

When radiation is used to treat a nonmelanoma skin cancer, which of the following treatment techniques offers the best cosmetic effect?

• Parallel-opposed high-energy photons

• Single-field low-energy photon

• Single-field low-energy electron

• Interstitial brachytherapy

Single-field low-energy photon

In instances where malignant melanoma is treated with radiation, delivering one fraction per day, which of the following is the most effective fraction size?

• 100 to 150 cGy

• 150 to 180 cGy

• 180 to 200 cGy

• 200 to 400 cGy

200 to 400 cGy

The microstaging system for melanomas that categorizes melanomas based on their level of invasion through the epidermis and layers of the dermis is called __________.

• Clark’s

• Breslow’s

• Mohs

• Gleason’s

Clark’s

Bolus may be used with electron therapy to _______________.
I.   compensate for missing tissue 
II.  maximize surface dose 
III. reduce underlying tissue dose

• I, III

• II, III

• I, II

• I, II, III

I, II, III

Which of the following cancers would most likely be seen in a child?

• Retinoblastoma

• Primary brain

• Osteosarcoma

• Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

Primary brain

Ewing sarcomas are cancers of which organ?

• Kidney

• Bone

• Skeletal muscle

• Smooth muscle

Bone

Rhabdomyosarcomas are cancers of which organ?

• Kidney

• Bone

• Brain

• Mesenchymal

Mesenchymal

The craniospinal treatment technique is used to treat what specific type of pediatric cancer?

• Medulloblastoma

• Neuroblastoma

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Retinoblastoma

Medulloblastoma

What is the most common intracranial tumor in children?

• Medulloblastoma

• Metastatic lesion

• Low-Grade Astrocytoma

• Craniopharyngioma

Low-Grade Astrocytoma

Which pediatric cancer spreads through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

• Leukemia

• Medulloblastoma

• Neuroblastoma

• Retinoblastoma

Medulloblastoma

Which pediatric cancer occurs in the sympathetic nervous system ganglia?

• Medulloblastoma

• Neuroblastoma

• Primary brain lesions

• Retinoblastoma

Neuroblastoma

Wilms’ tumors are cancers of which organ?

• Kidney

• Bone

• Skeletal muscle

• Smooth muscle

Kidney

Medulloblastomas typically begin in which area of the brain?

• Brain stem

• Cerebellum

• Cerebrum

• Hypothalamus

Cerebellum

The most common pediatric cancer is _________________.

• Medulloblastoma

• Retinoblastoma

• Acute leukemia

• Wilms’ tumor

Acute leukemia

Which of the following is an acceptable radiation therapy treatment technique for soft tissue sarcomas (STS)?
I.   External beam
II.  Brachytherapy
III. Intraoperative

• I, II, and III

• I and II

• II and III

• I and III

I, II, and III

In which anatomical location are primary bone lesions most common?

• Spine

• Lower extremity

• Trunk

• Upper extremity

Lower extremity

In which anatomical location are STSs most common?

• Upper extremity

• Lower extremity

• Head and neck

• Trunk

Lower extremity

What type of bone marrow is contained in the diaphysis of long bones?

• White

• Red

• Blue

• Yellow

Yellow

What is the most common form of primary bone cancer?

• Osteosarcoma

• Chordoma

• Chondrosarcoma

• Fibrosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

What is the most common site of metastasis from a primary bone cancer?

• Brain

• Lung

• Bone

• Bowel

Lung

Most STSs generally spread through _________________.
I.   the lymphatic system
II.  direct invasion and extension
III. hematogenous spread

• I and III

• I, II, and III

• II and III

• I and II

II and III

Which of the following is the most common metastatic site in STS?

• Bone

• Liver

• Lung

• Brain

Lung

It is important when treating an extremity for STS to have a strip of unirradiated tissue near the treatment volume to _______________________.
I.   maintain some lymphatic function
II.  avoid increased fracture possibilities
III. avoid circumferential fibrosis

• I and II

• I, II, and III

• II and III

• I and III

I and III

Overall, STS requires which dose of radiation to achieve local control and long-term survival?

• Medium

• High

• Low

High

When used with radiation therapy, which of the following reduces the loss of function and improves overall control?

• Radical resection

• Limb-sparing surgery

• Amputation

• Intralesional resection

Limb-sparing surgery

All except which of the following are examples of primary bone tumors?

• Malignant histiocytoma

• Multiple myeloma

• Osteosarcoma

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Which of the following has the highest incidence of bone tumors?

• Multiple myeloma

• Ewing sarcoma

• Chondrosarcoma

• Metastatic bone lesions

Metastatic bone lesions

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of patients with bone tumors?

• Decreased blood count

• Pathologic fracture

• Elevated blood count

• Pain

Pain

The main shaft of a typical long bone is termed the __________.

• Shaftosis

• Epiphysis

• Periosteum

• Diaphysis

Diaphysis

Bone scans are used to evaluate which of the following?

• Extent of soft tissue involvement

• Histology of the specimen

• Spread of metastatic disease

• None of the above

Spread of metastatic disease

Primary treatment for osteogenic sarcoma involves which of the following?
I.   Radiation therapy
II.  Surgery
III. Chemotherapy

• I and III

• I, II, and III

• I and II

• II and III

II and III

The role of the radiation therapist in the treatment of patients with bone tumors includes which of the following?
I.   Education
II.  Communication
III. Assessment
IV. Monitoring medical equipment

• II, III, and IV

• I, III, and IV

• I, II, III, and IV

• I, II, and III

I, II, III, and IV

What is the name of the emergency procedure that shuts down the MRI magnet?

Quench

T/F: Adaptive treatments are usually longer than non-adaptive treatments.

• True

• False

True

Which two have the most variation from day to day

• Muscle

• Air

• Water

• Bone

• Fat

Air, Water

The tracking structure most often in used in an MRgRT treatment is the:

• CTV

• PTV

• Tumor

• OTV

Tumor

Which is considered a ferrous foreign body?

• Pacemaker

• Stent

• Shrapnel

• Morphine pump

Shrapnel

What are the 2 most common types of cancer treated on Jefferson's MR linac?

Prostate and Pancreas

What is the most important component of any MR guided Radiation Therapy treatment?

• Making sure the patient can lie still for long periods

• The screening process

• Having the physicists and doctors on hand to review images in real time

• All of the above are equally important

The screening process

T/F: Body tattoos never present a problem for MR guided treatments

• True

• False

False

T/F: High grade Astrocytomas usually have a good prognosis.

• True

• False

False

T/F: Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular tumor.

• True

• False

True

What pediatric cancer can be treated with a brachytherapy eye plaque?

• Retinoblastoma

• Brainstem glioma

• Medulloblastoma

• Wilm's Tumor

Retinoblastoma

T/F: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor

• True

• False

True

Which pediatric tumor is a malignant embryonal cancer of the kidney?

• Neuroblastoma

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Wilm's Tumor

• Ependymoma

Wilm's Tumor

These tumors are characterized by small blue round cells

• Wilm's tumors

• Retinoblastomas

• Neuroblastomas

• None of the above

Neuroblastomas

Optic gliomas are usually:

• Low-Grade Astrocytomas

• High-Grade Astrocytomas

• Metastatic in nature

• Retinoblastomas

Low-Grade Astrocytomas

Most pediatric solid tumors arise in the:

• Abdomen

• Head and neck

• CNS

• Blood

CNS

T/F: Brain stem Gliomas have a poor prognosis

• True

• False

True

What is the most common tumor in infants?

• Leukemia

• Lymphoma

• Wilm's tumor

• Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma