forming impressions

amount of freedom an actor

The ________ had in choosing their opinion or behaviour.

You actively analyze a persons behaviour to make inferences based on 3 variables

degree of choice, expectation, and the intended consequences of the behaviour

Kelley’s covariation theory

Suggests that a person behaviour is due to an individual’s disposition or situation

Consensus

How others behave in the situation

Distinctiveness

How a person behaves in other situations

Consistency

How this person behaves in this same situation at other times

Disposition

Internal factors ex. Morals, habits

Situation

External factors ex. time of day

Correspondent inference theory

You actively analyze a person’s behaviour to make inferences based on 3 variables: degree of choice, expectation, and the intended consequences of the behaviour

Degree of choice

The amount of freedom an actor had in choosing their opinion or behaviour

Expectation

Considers how typical a particular behaviour is for a given actor

Intended consequence

The goals + motivations of an actor that shape their behaviour

Fundamental attribution error

Tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observes behaviours of others while under-valuing situational factors; the tendency to believe that what ppl do reflects who they are

Actor-observer effect

You as the actor are better aware of situational influences to your OWN behaviour

Culture

A factor that influences if a person is more likely to attribute a behaviour as a cause of situational factors or dispositional factors

Less

Ppl from collectivist societies are _____ likely to make the fundamental attribution error

Self-serving bias

You identify dispositional causes for your successes, but situational causes for your failures; success to dispositional factors, failure to situational factors

Above average effect

Bias in your perception may lead you to think you are above avg. on many things that may be important to you

Representativeness heuristic

You classify ppl by considering how well their behaviour fits w a certain prototype

Availability heuristic

Making judgements based on the info readily available to you

Factors of attractiveness

Proximity, familiarity, physical attractiveness, other’s opinion of us

Physical distance

How far apart individuals are

Functional distance

Depends on how often individuals interact

Anticipate

Ppl tend to like those that they __________ interacting with

Familiarity

Faces that are more familiar are more attractive

Exposure effects

Tendency to feel more positive towards things that are familiar

Clifford & Hatfield

Attractive children were judged as more intelligent than unattractive children

Halo Effect

Tendency for ppl to attribute more positive characteristics to those that they already have positive impressions of

Aronson & Linder

Highest ratings went to ppl who disliked the participant initially, but later became positive

Walster

Study showed that women who had their self-esteem lowered were more likely to rate a male who had asked them on a date as more attractive than those who had their self-esteem heightened