BIOL 1009 - Cell Cycle

These flashcards cover key concepts, phases, and terminologies related to the cell cycle as discussed in the BIOL 1009 lecture.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA, making up about 90% of the cell cycle.

Mitotic Phase

The phase during which the cell divides, consisting of mitosis and cytokinesis.

Checkpoint

Control points in the cell cycle where the cell makes decisions about whether to proceed with the cell cycle.

G1 Phase

Also known as 'gap phase 1'; the first phase of interphase during which the cell grows and produces more cellular materials.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of interphase where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the formation of sister chromatids.

G2 Phase

The second gap phase of interphase where the cell continues to grow and produces more cellular materials.

Cdk (Cyclin-dependent Kinases)

Proteins that regulate the activities of other proteins by phosphorylating them, playing a crucial role in the cell cycle.

Cyclins

Proteins whose levels fluctuate during the cell cycle and are required to activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two nuclei forming within a cell.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to complete the formation of two daughter cells.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome, connected at a region known as the centromere.

Centrosome

An organelle that is created during the S phase and helps organize the microtubules during mitosis.

G0 Phase

A non-dividing phase that most cells enter when they do not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis when sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis where two daughter nuclei form and the chromosomes become less condensed.

Prometaphase

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope fragments, and kinetochores form on chromatids.