Pathology of Infectious Diseases Week 4

Why are children more at risk for disease?

Developing immune system

teething

crawling

crowding (daycare / grade school)

What family does measles belong to?

Paramyxoviridae

How long can measles live outside of the body?

2 hours

What part of the measles virus is capable of limited drift?

H protein

How soon before symptoms develop can measles be spread?

4 days prior

What is the contagion rate of measles?

90%

T or F: Measles can spread between animals

False (it is human specific)

What are the potential complications of measles?

Ear infection (1/10)

Diarrhea (1/10)

Pneumonia (1/20)

Encephalitis (1/1000)

Death (1-2/1000)

What is a major complication of measles that causes death in 4-11/100,000 measles patients?

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

What family is mumps a member of?

Paramyxovirus

How long before symptoms erupt is mumps infectious?

5 days

What is the primary symptom of mumps?

Swollen and tender salivary glands

What is the name of inflammation of testicles (as seen in mumps)

Orchitis

What reproductive tissues can be affected by mumps?

ovaries (oophoritis)

breasts (mastitis)

testicles (orchitis)

What family is rubella a member of?

Togavirus

What parts of the rubella virus are capable of variation?

1E, 2B, 1J, 1I, 1a

How long before symptoms erupt is Rubella contagious?

7 days

How long after recovery is Rubella contagious?

7 days

T or F: Rubella can be transmitted to the fetus

True

What condition of the eye can rubella develop into?

Pink eye

What kind of rash does rubella develop?

Fine and reticulate rash (starts on the head at beard line)

What childhood disease has many complications that can affect the fetus of an affected mother?

Rubella

What complication of rubella causes congenital defects or death in a fetus less than 20 weeks old?

Congenital rubella syndrome

What is the most common / virulent serotype of polio?

Serotype 1

What is the primary implantation site of polio?

Pharynx

What is the secondary implantation site of polio?

Gastrointestinal Tract (GALT)

what are the tertiary sites of polio implantation?

Anterior dorsal horn of spinal cord

Brain stem

How is polio transmitted?

Fecal oral route

How long after recovery is polio infectious?

1-2 weeks

When was the last case of polio reported in the U.S.?

1984

T or F: 95% of all polio cases are asymptomatic and show no prodrome

True

What stage of polio involves loss of superficial reflexes?

1st stage

What stage of polio involves slow return of strength?

3rd stage

What stage of polio involves flaccid paralysis and diminished STRs?

2nd

Which serotype of polio was irradiated in 1999?

Serotype 2

Which serotype of polio has a sporadic incidence?

Serotype 3

What is the most common form of polio?

Spinal polio

What is the least common form of polio?

bulbar polio

What form of polio involves spinal paralysis and cranial nerves?

bublospinal polio

T or F: post polio syndrome only affects those who reach flaccid paralysis

True

T or F: post polio syndrome is not a reaction to the polio virus

True

What type of virus is Varicella-Zoster?

DNA

What family is Varicella-Zoster in?

Herpes

T or F: Zoster is chicken pox and varicella is shingles

False (vice versa)

How long can varicella zoster survive outside the body?

4-5 hours

T or F: zoster can only be transmitted as chicken pox

True

What is the term used to describe the tendency for the chicken pox rash to come in waves?

crops

What are the potential complications of chicken pox?

Skin infections

Pneumonia

Encephalitis

Cerebellar ataxia

Sepsis

Dehydration

Scarring

Sterility (adults)

What are the potential complications of shingles?

Post-herpatic neuralgia (10-15%)

Vision loss

Neurological problems

skin infections

What type of virus is fifths disease?

DNA

What family is fifths disease a part of?

parvovirus

T or F: fifths disease can be transmitted to the fetus

True

What is the trademark rash of fifths disease?

Slapped cheek rash

What is the only possible complication of fifths disease?

chronic anemia (5%)

What family is respiratory syncytial virus a part of?

Paramyxovirus

What are the complications of respiratory syncytial virus

Bronchiolitis

Pneumonia