LAB9:Pelvis&hipbones,muscles

Pelvic Girdle

Bony structure connecting lower extremity to axial skeleton.

Coxal Bones

hip bones made up of ilium, ischium and pubis

Ilium

Superior part of the hip bone.

Ilium diagram

Iliac crest

Iliac fossa

Anterior superior & Anterior inferior iliac spine

Posterior superior & Posterior inferior iliac spine

Greater sciatic notch of ilium

Auricular surface of ilium

Arcuate line of ilium

Ischium

Inferior, posterior part of the hip bone.

Ischium diagram

Body of ischium

Ramus of ischium

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch of ischium

Ischial tuberosity (Sits bone)

Pubis

Inferior, anterior part of the hip bone.

Pubis diagram

Superior ramus of pubis

Inferior ramus of pubis

Body of pubis

Pubic crest

Pubic tubercle

Pubic symphysis

Amphiarthrodial Cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

Acetabulum

Socket for the femur in the hip joint.

Obturator Foramen

Large opening in the pelvic girdle.

Femur

thigh bone of the leg; the longest and strongest bone in the body

Femur diagram

Head of femur

Neck of femur

Greater trochanter of femur

Lesser trochanter of femur

Intertrochanteric line of femur

Linea aspera of femur

Medial and lateral supracondylar lines of femur

Femoral shaft

Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial epicondyle of femur

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Sacroiliac Joint

Diarthrodial Synovial gliding joint between sacrum and ilium.

Femoral Acetabular Joint

Diarthrodial Synovial ball and socket joint of hip.

Transverse Abdominis

Origin - inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs; iliac crest
Insertion - Linea alba, pubic crest
Action - compresses abdominal contents
Description - deepest; fibers run horizontally

Internal Oblique

Origin - lumbar fascia; iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Insertion - Linea alba, pubic crest, last 3-4 ribs and costal margin
Action - Flex, Rotate and Laterally Bend the Spine
Description - fibers run upward and medially; BUTFANNED

External Oblique

Origin - by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs
Insertion - Linea alba; pubic crest, pubic tubercle and iliac crest
Action - flex vertebral column/compress abdominal wall (BOTH)Rotate and lateral flexion (single)
Description - largest most superficial of 3 lateral muscles; fibers run downward and medially

Rectus Abdominis

Origin - pubic crest
Insertion - xiphoid process and costal cartilages ribs 5-7
Action - flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
Description - medial superficial muscle

Iliopsoas Group

Includes iliacus and psoas major muscles.

Iliacus

Origin - iliac fossa, crest and ala of sacrum
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Action - thigh flexion; or flexing trunk on thigh
Description - large, fan-shaped lateral muscle

Psoas major

Origin - transverse processes/bodies/disc of lumbar vertebrae and T12
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Action - thigh flexion; or flexing trunk on thigh
Description - long, thick medial portion

Sartorius

Origin - anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - winds around medial aspect of the knee into medial aspect of the proximal tibia
Action - flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh
Description - "straplike" superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; crosses both hip and knee joints

Adductor Longus

Origin - pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera
Action - adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Description -most anterior of adductor muscles

Gracilis

Origin - anterior medial edge of descending ramus of pubis
Insertion - anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the medial condyle
Action - flexes, abducts, and internal rotation
Description - "straplike" medial muscle -weak assist to knee flexion

Quadriceps Group

The group of muscles consisting of vastus medialis + vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. Extends the leg.

Quadriceps diagram

Vastus Medialis

Origin - Linea aspera, intertrochanteric and medial supracondylar lines
Insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action - extends knee and stabilizes patella (VMO)
Description - Inferomedial aspect of thigh

Vastus Lateralis

Origin - greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera
Insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action - extends and stabilizes knee
Description - lateral aspect of thigh

Vastus Intermedius

Origin - anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft
Insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action - extends knee
Description - between lateralis and medialis under rectus femoris

Rectus Femoris

Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action - extends leg and flexes thigh at hip
Description - superficial muscle of anterior thigh

Tensor Fascia Latae

Origin - anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - iliotibial tract
Action - stabilizes leg and trunk on thigh by making IT band taut
Description - anterolateral aspect of thigh

Gluteus Maximus

Origin - dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion - gluteal tuberosity of femur/IT tract
Action - extensor of thigh
Description - largest most superficial gluteus muscle

Gluteus Medius

Origin - anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
Insertion - by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh
Description - thick muscle covered by maximus

Hamstring Group

Group of muscles consisting of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris

Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and distal femur (short head)
Insertion - head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action - extends thigh and flexes leg
Description - most lateral muscle of group; 2 heads

Semimembranosus

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial condyle of tibia
Action - extends thigh and flexes knee
Description - deep to semitendinosus

Semitendinosus

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial aspect upper tibial shaft
Action - extends thigh and flexes knee
Description - medial to biceps femoris; strap-like superficial muscle