GENCHEM 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

5 branches of Chemistry

Physical, Analytical, Inorganic, Organic, Biochemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

A chemical compound that **lacks** carbon–hydrogen bonds

Organic Chemistry

* Has **at least one** carbon to hydrogen bond
* Study of carbon and its compounds
* Study of organic compounds

Vitalism Theory

* Organic compounds can only be synthesized by organic matter
* Debunked by Friedrich Wohler

Friedrich Wohler

* Created Urea
* first to synthesize an organic compound from an inorganic substance

Properties of Carbon

Tetravalency and Catenation

Tetravalent

Property of carbon that states that carbon should always have 4 bonds

Catenation

Property of carbon that states that an element can bond with the same element

Carbon

* most stable element
* can form a chain/cyclic structure
* has 2 properties: tetravalent and catenation

Isomers

* Compound with same molecular formula but different structure
* not ideal for organic chemistry

Types of Chemical Structures

Skeletal structure, Condensed structure, Line-bond structure

Functional Groups

Group of atoms that give chemical properties to an organic compound

Hydrocarbon

* hydrogen and carbon only
* can be saturated (ALKANE) or unsaturated (ALKENE & ALKYNE)

Meth-

1 carbon

Eth-

2 carbon

Prop-

3 carbon

But-

4 carbon

Pent-

5 carbon

Hex-

6 carbon

Hept-

7 carbon

Oct-

8 carbon

Non-

9 carbon

Dec-

10 carbon

Alkyl Halide

Alcohol

Ether

Amine

Secondary Amine

Tertiary Amine

Amide

Secondary Amide

Tertiary Amide

Thiol

Sulfide

Aldehyde

Ketone

Carboxylic Acid

Ester