GENCHEM 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

5 branches of Chemistry

Physical, Analytical, Inorganic, Organic, Biochemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

A chemical compound that **lacks** carbon–hydrogen bonds

Organic Chemistry

• Has at least one carbon to hydrogen bond

• Study of carbon and its compounds

• Study of organic compounds

Vitalism Theory

• Organic compounds can only be synthesized by organic matter

• Debunked by Friedrich Wohler

Friedrich Wohler

• Created Urea

• first to synthesize an organic compound from an inorganic substance

Properties of Carbon

Tetravalency and Catenation

Tetravalent

Property of carbon that states that carbon should always have 4 bonds

Catenation

Property of carbon that states that an element can bond with the same element

Carbon

• most stable element

• can form a chain/cyclic structure

• has 2 properties: tetravalent and catenation

Isomers

• Compound with same molecular formula but different structure

• not ideal for organic chemistry

Types of Chemical Structures

Skeletal structure, Condensed structure, Line-bond structure

Functional Groups

Group of atoms that give chemical properties to an organic compound

Hydrocarbon

• hydrogen and carbon only

• can be saturated (ALKANE) or unsaturated (ALKENE & ALKYNE)

Meth-

1 carbon

Eth-

2 carbon

Prop-

3 carbon

But-

4 carbon

Pent-

5 carbon

Hex-

6 carbon

Hept-

7 carbon

Oct-

8 carbon

Non-

9 carbon

Dec-

10 carbon

Alkyl Halide

Alcohol

Ether

Amine

Secondary Amine

Tertiary Amine

Amide

Secondary Amide

Tertiary Amide

Thiol

Sulfide

Aldehyde

Ketone

Carboxylic Acid

Ester