Cell Biology Lecture Notes

Flashcards about cell structure and function.

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Packages and ships proteins.

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Site of cellular respiration (makes ATP).

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts.

What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?

Break down waste; 'suicide sacs'.

What is the primary function of vacuoles, especially in plant cells?

Store water and nutrients (plants have a large central one).

What are the components of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer: Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails.

What is meant by 'selective permeability' in the context of a cell membrane?

Only certain molecules pass freely.

What is passive transport?

No energy needed (diffusion, osmosis).

What is active transport?

Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against gradient.

What is Facilitated diffusion?

Uses protein channels (no energy).

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

More solutes outside; water leaves cell → shrinks.

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

More solutes inside; water enters cell → swells.

What is an isotonic solution?

Equal solute concentration; no net movement of water.

Why is a higher surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

More efficient exchange with environment.

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes: No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria). Eukaryotes: Have nucleus and organelles (e.g., plant & animal cells).