grade 10 history exam ontario

idk what else to say thats it

Confederation

Occurred on July 1, 1867

James Naismith

A Canadian physical educator known for inventing the game of basketball

WWI Duration

Lasted from 1914 to 1918

Victory Bonds

Government-issued savings bonds sold to Canadian citizens to help fund the war effort

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929

the day the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression

The Holocaust Death Toll

Approximately 6 million Jewish people were killed, along with millions of others

Suffragist Movement

The organized effort by women to gain the right to vote

Urbanization

The process of society shifting from rural, farm-based living to living in cities

MAIN Causes of WWI

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination in Sarajevo sparked the beginning of WWI

Pacifists

People who are opposed to war or violence as a means of settling disputes

WWI Women's Roles

Women worked in munitions factories, on farms as "Farmerettes," and served as nursing sisters overseas

Billy Bishop

A famous Canadian flying ace during World War I

Foster Hewitt

A famous Canadian radio broadcaster known for "Hockey Night in Canada"

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI

it imposed harsh reparations on Germany and later served as a cause for WWII by angering Hitler

Prohibition

The legal ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages

Failure of Prohibition

It was unsuccessful because it was difficult to enforce and led to the rise of organized crime

Trenches

Long, narrow ditches used in WWI for protection against enemy fire, leading to "trench warfare"

1918 Influenza

A global flu pandemic (Spanish Flu) that killed millions immediately following WWI

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s caused by the stock market crash, overproduction, and debt

WWII Women's Roles

Most women worked in munitions factories while men were away at war

Fascism

A political system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and emphasizing extreme nationalism

Benito Mussolini

The fascist dictator of Italy during World War II

D-Day Date

June 6, 1944

D-Day (Operation Overlord)

The Allied invasion of Normandy, France, which served as a major turning point in WWII

Adolf Hitler

The leader of the Nazi Party (National Socialists) and dictator of Germany during WWII

The Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (Communism) and the United States (Capitalism)

The Final Solution

The Nazi plan to systematically murder the Jewish population of Europe

The Holocaust

The systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews and millions of others

Concentration Camps

Brutal camps where Nazis imprisoned, worked, and murdered "enemies of the state"

U-Boats

German submarines used to sink Allied merchant and warships

Auschwitz

The largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp, located in occupied Poland

Sudetenland

An area of Czechoslovakia that Hitler annexed prior to WWII

Battle of Dieppe

A 1942 Allied raid (Operation Jubilee) that resulted in heavy Canadian casualties but provided vital lessons for D-Day

Dunkirk

The massive evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches of France in 1940

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13-day confrontation in 1962 over Soviet missiles in Cuba

it was a major event because of the threat of nuclear war

Mustard Gas

A chemical weapon used in WWI that caused severe skin burns and lung damage

Vimy Ridge

A significant WWI battle where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time

Battle of the Somme

One of the deadliest battles in WWI history, known for massive casualties

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force

Shell Shock

A term used in WWI to describe the psychological trauma (PTSD) suffered by soldiers

Speakeasies

Illegal bars that operated during the Prohibition era

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who challenged social norms through their dress and behavior

Trench Foot

A painful condition of the feet caused by long immersion in cold water or mud in the trenches

Stock Brokers

Individuals who buy and sell stocks

their speculation contributed to the 1929 market crash

Tanks

Armored vehicles introduced in WWI

early models were often ineffective because they frequently broke down

Al Capone

A notorious American gangster who rose to power during the Prohibition era

Pearl Harbour

The Japanese surprise attack on the US Naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941

Aryan

The Nazi ideological concept of a "master race"

Anti-Semitism

Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed against Jewish people

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The two Japanese cities on which the United States dropped atomic bombs to end WWII

Nellie McClung

A famous Canadian suffragist who fought for women to be declared "persons"

Bootlegging

The illegal manufacture, distribution, or sale of alcohol

Bennett Letters

Personal letters written by struggling Canadians to Prime Minister R.B. Bennett during the Great Depression

Banting and Best

The Canadian scientists who discovered insulin in 1921

Nationalism

Extreme pride in one's own nation

a major cause of WWI

Zeppelins

Large German airships used during WWI for scouting and bombing missions

Camp-X

A secret spy training school in Ontario during WWII

Zyklon-B

The poisonous gas used by the Nazis in concentration camp gas chambers

Arms Race

A competition between nations to achieve military superiority through the accumulation of weapons

Triple Alliance

The WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Triple Entente

The WWI alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia

The Allies (WWII)

Primarily Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Canada

Axis Powers (WWII)

Germany, Italy, and Japan

1972 Summit Series

A Cold War hockey series between Canada and the Soviet Union

Iron Curtain

The political and physical barrier dividing Europe into communist and non-communist spheres

Victory in Europe Day (VE Day)

May 8, 1945, marking the formal surrender of Nazi Germany

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote global peace

NORAD

North American Aerospace Defense Command

a joint organization between Canada and the US

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

a military alliance of Western nations

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership and free markets

Democracy

A system of government where power is vested in the people

Communism

A political and economic system where the state owns the means of production

Sputnik

The first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957

Berlin Wall

A guarded barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin during the Cold War

Conscription

Compulsory military service

it was a divisive issue supported by many English Canadians but opposed by French Canadians

1920s Fads

Popular trends including jazz music, mah-jongg, crossword puzzles, and flagpole sitting

Canada's WWII Unpreparedness

Canada entered WWII with a very small army and outdated equipment due to the economic focus on the Depression

1950s Pop Culture

The rise of television, rock 'n' roll, and movies changed social norms and lifestyles