Biology Key Concepts: Cell Structure, Molecules, and Processes

In a multicellular organism, cells with similar form and function aggregate to form:

Tissues

Which is not a common component of a bacterial cell?

Mitochondria

In a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are ___

shared evenly between atoms

Which of the following is not common to all life?

Can reproduce

Can use energy

Can react to the environment

Breathes oxygen

Made of one or many cells

Breathes oxygen

Mitochondria are responsible for

ATP production

The bond formed between an oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule is a --- bond

polar covalent

Which of the following is not true about prokaryotic cells

They lack a nucleus

They lack mitochondria

They lack ribosomes

They lack endoplasmic reticulum

They lack chloroplasts

They lack ribosomes

An atom's nucleus contains

protons and neutrons

The plasma membrane of a cell is not permeable to __

ions

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved ___

lipid metabolism

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will____________.

crenate

____is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

osmosis

A monomer of dna contains ___

A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base

Our blood contains bicarbonate, this molecule acts an a ____keeping the pH around 7.4

buffer

When injecting fluids into a person, which type of solution would most likely be safe to use

isotonic

Which of the following is not a form of endocytosis

Receptor-mediated

Phagocytosis

Exocytosis

Pinocytosis

Exocytosis

Water is a polar molecule with the oxygen atom possessing a _ charge

slight negative

An atom of carbon has 6 proteins, if this atom was neutrally charged, how many electrons would it have in its electron orbitals (Orbitals listed in order 1,2,3, and 4)

2 and 4

If you add a base to water, the pH will

go up

Ribosomes are involved in ___

protein synthesis

When testing a newly developed drug, one group was given a red drink containing the drug we are testing. Another group was only given water with red food coloring, no drug at all. The group not given the drug acted as our _

negative control

The plasma membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids oriented with their ____.

Hydrophilic heads facing out and hydrophobic tails facing inward

The sodium and chlorine atoms in NaCI (sodium chloride/table salt) are held together by __

ionic bonding

Endosymbiotic theory is a proposed explanation for the origin of

mitochondria

Which of the following is not a property of liquid water?

Acidic

Fluids, proteins, fibers, and other structures between cells in tissues are collectively referred to as ___

the extracellular matrix

metabolic reactions are driven by

enzymes

Lipids are __ which means that they do not mix well with polar substances

hydrophobic

Cells which form a nucleus belong to the domain _

eukarya

___ Contains digestive enzymes to break down materials brought into the cell

a lysosome

For a molecule to be considered organic, it must ____

contain carbon

When setting up a positive control group for an experimental pill, we need to give this group

no pill or a placebo

In an experiment, the ___ group receives the treatment that you are testing.

experimental

you work at a chemical company and design a new chemical for killing weeds, you must now prove that it works so you design an experiment to test your ___ that “this chemical drastically reduces weeds”

hypothesis

A single grain of sand is solid and hard, but a pile of sand can flow like a liquid. This is an example of __

an emergent property

Which of the following is not common to all living organisms as we understand them?

form tissues

Carbon is atomic number 6, if a carbon atom is electrically neutral how many electrons would it have?

6

An atom of oxygen typically contains 8 electrons, how many bonds does it tend to form?

2

The pH of your blood should be 7.4, which is __

basic

In sodium chloride (NaCI) sodium donates an electron to chlorine. Sodium becomes + charged while chlorine becomes - charged. This is an example of ___ bonding

ionic

In water molecules the oxygen becomes slightly negative and the hydrogens slightly positive, this makes water molecules _

polar

Water molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding. This causes water ___, which gives water a high surface tension

cohesion

which of the following subatomic particles would be found in a chlorine nucleus

protons and neutrons

which of the following is not a function of a protein

storage of genetic information

Two glucose molecules are bound together by a(n) __ reaction to produce maltose

dehydration