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36 Terms
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disassociation
separation of ions from each other
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solvation
surrounding of solute particles by solvent
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hydration
solvation by H2O
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insoluble
stronger attractive forces w/in crystal and can’t be separated
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solids with low MP and low Hf
soluble
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miscibility
mutual solubility of **2 LIQUIDS**
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complete miscibility
soluble in all proportions
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immiscible
won’t dissolve at all
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alloy
solid-solid solution
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solution equilibrium
number of particles in soln = number of particles leaving; **OCCURS AT SATURATION**
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Temperature
what solubility depends on
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solubility
amt. of solute that will dissolve
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1. Increase in T
2. Stirring
3. Increasing Surface Area (grinding)
factors that affect solution rate
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hot
solid to liquids, more soluble in ___ H2O
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cold
gases are more soluble in ___ H2O
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Molarity (M)
moles solute/ liters of solution
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Henry’s Law
the more pressure a gas exerts on a liquid, the more of that gas will dissolve in the liquid
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initial concentration/initial partial P
final concentration/ final partial P
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concentrated
lots of solute for the amount of solvent
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>3M
concentrated
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dilute
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dilute
little solution for amt. of solvent
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molality (m)
moles solute/ kg solvent
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mole fraction (X)
moles solute/ total moles solution
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M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
dilution equation
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Raoult’s Law
the vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of a pure solvent
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P (solution) = X (mole fraction of solvent) x original VP (solvent)
Raoul’s Law equation
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VP (lowering) = X (mole fraction of solute) x P (original pressure of solvent)
VP lowering equation
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1. depends on # of particles on soln
2. includes conductivity, VP, BP, MP, rate of diffusion
3. adding solute to a solvent **LOWERS** the VP
Colligative Properties
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lowers Freezing Pt
creating a solution _____ the freezing pt.
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increases BP
creating a solution _____ the BP
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.512ºC/molal
molal BP elevation for H₂O
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1\.86ºC/molal
molal FP elevation for H₂O
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∆T = K(f or b) x molality x number of particles
∆T equation
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1. Find Molality
2. Determine ∆T
3. + or - the ∆T from the original BP or FP
steps to find new fp or bp
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grams/mole
molecular mass determination
Note 
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